Effects of Dopamine D1-Like Receptor Ligands on Food-Cocaine Choice in Socially Housed Male Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Although dopamine plays a prominent role in mediating cocaine's abuse-related effects, the specific roles of dopamine receptor subtypes are not fully understood. Whereas the effects of drugs acting at dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) have been characterized, less is known about dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs). The present experiments examined the effects of drugs with varying intrinsic efficacy at D1R on the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine in male cynomolgus monkeys. Use of socially housed monkeys permitted the assessment of whether social status influenced the behavioral effects of D1R-acting drugs. The high-efficacy D1R agonist SKF 81297, low-efficacy D1R agonist SKF 38393, and D1R antagonist SCH 23390 were administered acutely to monkeys self-administering cocaine under a food-cocaine choice procedure in which a cocaine-choice dose-effect curve was determined daily. To assess selectivity of behavioral effects on cocaine choice, effects of doses that did not disrupt responding (indicated by a ≥35% decrease in total reinforcers delivered) were analyzed. Neither SKF 81297 nor SCH 23390 affected cocaine choice in dominant or subordinate monkeys. However, the low-efficacy agonist SKF 38393 selectively decreased cocaine choice; this effect was larger and only reached statistical significance in subordinate monkeys. Increasing the time between D1-acting drug administration and the cocaine choice session did not affect these results. The results indicate that, like D2R-acting drugs, the behavioral effects of D1R-acting drugs on cocaine choice can vary according to intrinsic efficacy and social status. Moreover, they demonstrate that D1R-acting drugs affect behavior under a narrower range of conditions than D2R-acting drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cocaine use disorder represents an insidious public health concern with no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications. Although dopamine receptors have been strongly implicated in mediating the abuse-related effects of cocaine, the roles of dopamine receptor subtypes are incompletely understood. The present study in nonhuman primates found that cocaine choice was decreased only by a low-efficacy D1R agonist, and that this effect depended on the social status of the monkey.