Challenges in the Management of Multiple Splenic Abscesses caused by Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi.

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid emerged in Hyderabad, Pakistan in 2016. It spread regionally and globally due to fast travelling. An immuno-competent young male referred by general practitioner, was diagnosed and managed as XDR salmonella typhi with multiple splenic abscesses. We faced challenges in its management, like little suspicion of potentially lethal disease; non-availability of evidence-based medicine and further delay in diagnosis as he was already on antibiotics therapy. Patient was diagnosed by radiology and blood cultures. In our case, option of conservative treatment with sensitive antibiotics (azithromycin and meropenem) was successful, though with increased hospital stay. There is no data on treatment duration and choice between two sensitive antibiotics or both in combination. In the present situation, sensitisation of clinicians to salmonella drug resistance, rational use of antibiotics and prompt public health awareness is the need of the day, especially in endemic areas. KEY WORDS: Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid,Splenic abscesses, Azithromycin, Meropenem.