Sadia Minhas1,2, Muhammad Kashif3, Zobaria Rehman4, Muhammad Bilal Pasha5, Muhammad Idrees6, Farheen Ansari2. 1. Department of Oral Pathology, Akhther Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan. 2. Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. 3. Department of Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan. 4. Centre of Applied Molecular Biology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. 5. Department of Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan. 6. Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated risk factors in women with general gynaecological problems. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Lady Wallingdon Hospital, Lahore from August 2018 to May 2019. METHODOLOGY: One hundred females with general gynaecological problems constituted the sample. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and liquid base cytology were performed for HR-HPV detection, genotyping, and cytological changes in cervical samples. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was found to be 57%, with the most frequent HR-HPV genotypes HPV 16 (18%), HPV 18 (6%), and HPV 45 (1%). The total prevalence of single HR-HPV infection was 25%; whereas, multiple co-infection of HR-HPV was seen in 32% of cases. In total, 81% of these women had normal cytology and 19% had cytologic abnormalities. A significant association was observed between HR-HPV infection and general gynaecological complaints and between HR-HPV infection and cytological abnormalities (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The HR-HPV prevalence was 57% with the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 and HPV 18. The results will also aid the identification of HR-HPV 51 and 31 genotypes, which should be added in the multi-type HPV vaccines. Key Words: Cancer of cervix, Human papillomavirus, Papanicolaou test, Pakistan.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated risk factors in women with general gynaecological problems. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Lady Wallingdon Hospital, Lahore from August 2018 to May 2019. METHODOLOGY: One hundred females with general gynaecological problems constituted the sample. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and liquid base cytology were performed for HR-HPV detection, genotyping, and cytological changes in cervical samples. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was found to be 57%, with the most frequent HR-HPV genotypes HPV 16 (18%), HPV 18 (6%), and HPV 45 (1%). The total prevalence of single HR-HPV infection was 25%; whereas, multiple co-infection of HR-HPV was seen in 32% of cases. In total, 81% of these women had normal cytology and 19% had cytologic abnormalities. A significant association was observed between HR-HPV infection and general gynaecological complaints and between HR-HPV infection and cytological abnormalities (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The HR-HPV prevalence was 57% with the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 and HPV 18. The results will also aid the identification of HR-HPV 51 and 31 genotypes, which should be added in the multi-type HPV vaccines. Key Words: Cancer of cervix, Human papillomavirus, Papanicolaou test, Pakistan.