Applications of Impedance Flow Cytometry in Doubled Haploid Technology.

Efficient doubled haploid (DH) plant production is of great interest in the plant breeding industry and research because homozygous lines are obtained within a single generation shortening the breeding cycle substantially. DH protocol development can be a time- and resource-consuming process due to numerous factors affecting its success and efficiency. Here we present concepts and examples about how critical success factors can be identified throughout a DH protocol and an early microspore response monitored by simple impedance flow cytometry (IFC) measurements, which will help to optimize each step of an androgenesis-based DH protocol.