Carolina C V Silva1,2, Vincent W V Jaddoe1,2, Ryan L Muetzel3, Susana Santos1,2, Hanan El Marroun4,5,6. 1. Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.marrounel@erasmusmc.nl. 5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.marrounel@erasmusmc.nl. 6. Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.marrounel@erasmusmc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In adults, cardiovascular risk factors are known to be associated with brain health. We hypothesized that these associations are already present at school-age. We examined the associations of adverse body fat measures and cardiovascular risk factors with brain structure, including volumetric measures and white matter microstructure, in 10-year-old children. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Analyses were based on 3098 children aged 10 years with neuroimaging data and at least one measurement of body fat and cardiovascular risk factors. Body fat measures included body mass index (BMI), fat mass index and android fat mass percentage obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cardiovascular risk factors included blood pressure, and serum glucose, insulin and lipids blood concentrations. Structural neuroimaging, including global and regional brain volumes, was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. DTI was used to assess white matter microstructure, including global fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). RESULTS: As compared to children with a normal weight, those with underweight had a smaller total brain and white matter volumes (differences -18.10 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -30.97,-5.22) cm3, -10.64 (95% CI -16.82,-4.47) cm3, respectively). In contrast, one SDS (Standard Deviation Score) increase in fat mass index was associated with a smaller gray matter volume (differences -3.48 (95% CI -16.82, -4.47) cm3). Also, one SDS increase in android fat mass percentage was associated with lower white matter diffusivity (difference -0.06 (95% CI -0.10, -0.02) SDS). None of the other cardiovascular risk factors were associated with any of the brain outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Body fat measures, but not other cardiovascular risk factors, were associated with structural neuroimaging outcomes in school-aged children. Prospective studies are needed to assess causality, direction and long-term consequences of the associations.
BACKGROUND: In adults, cardiovascular risk factors are known to be associated with brain health. We hypothesized that these associations are already present at school-age. We examined the associations of adverse body fat measures and cardiovascular risk factors with brain structure, including volumetric measures and white matter microstructure, in 10-year-old children. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Analyses were based on 3098 children aged 10 years with neuroimaging data and at least one measurement of body fat and cardiovascular risk factors. Body fat measures included body mass index (BMI), fat mass index and android fat mass percentage obtained by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cardiovascular risk factors included blood pressure, and serum glucose, insulin and lipids blood concentrations. Structural neuroimaging, including global and regional brain volumes, was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. DTI was used to assess white matter microstructure, including global fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). RESULTS: As compared to children with a normal weight, those with underweight had a smaller total brain and white matter volumes (differences -18.10 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) -30.97,-5.22) cm3, -10.64 (95% CI -16.82,-4.47) cm3, respectively). In contrast, one SDS (Standard Deviation Score) increase in fat mass index was associated with a smaller gray matter volume (differences -3.48 (95% CI -16.82, -4.47) cm3). Also, one SDS increase in android fat mass percentage was associated with lower white matter diffusivity (difference -0.06 (95% CI -0.10, -0.02) SDS). None of the other cardiovascular risk factors were associated with any of the brain outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Body fat measures, but not other cardiovascular risk factors, were associated with structural neuroimaging outcomes in school-aged children. Prospective studies are needed to assess causality, direction and long-term consequences of the associations.
Authors: Michael L Alosco; Kelly M Stanek; Rachel Galioto; Mayuresh S Korgaonkar; Stuart M Grieve; Adam M Brickman; Mary Beth Spitznagel; John Gunstad Journal: Int J Neurosci Date: 2013-07-19 Impact factor: 2.292
Authors: Brian K Kit; Elena Kuklina; Margaret D Carroll; Yechiam Ostchega; David S Freedman; Cynthia L Ogden Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: Wilby Williamson; Adam J Lewandowski; Nils D Forkert; Ludovica Griffanti; Thomas W Okell; Jill Betts; Henry Boardman; Timo Siepmann; David McKean; Odaro Huckstep; Jane M Francis; Stefan Neubauer; Renzo Phellan; Mark Jenkinson; Aiden Doherty; Helen Dawes; Eleni Frangou; Christina Malamateniou; Charlie Foster; Paul Leeson Journal: JAMA Date: 2018-08-21 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Michael P Bancks; Norrina B Allen; Prachi Dubey; Lenore J Launer; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Jared P Reis; Stephen Sidney; Yuichiro Yano; Pamela J Schreiner Journal: Neurology Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Hannah Gardener; Michelle Caunca; Chuanhui Dong; Ying Kuen Cheung; Noam Alperin; Tatjana Rundek; Mitchell S V Elkind; Clinton B Wright; Ralph L Sacco Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2018-08-21 Impact factor: 5.501