Venus Joumaa1, Kevin R Boldt1, Sang Kuy Han2, Keyoung Jin Chun2, Walter Herzog1,3. 1. Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. 3. Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Basic science, experimental animal study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections on the mechanical properties of skinned muscle fibers (cells) of rabbit paraspinal muscles. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: BTX-A has been widely used in the treatment of disorders of muscle hyperactivity, such as spasticity, dystonia, and back pain. However, BTX-A injection has been shown to cause muscle atrophy, fat infiltration, and decreased force output in target muscles, but its potential effects on the contractile machinery and force production on the cellular level remain unknown. METHODS: Nineteen-month-old, male New Zealand White Rabbits received either saline or BTX-A injections into the paraspinal muscles, equally distributed along the left and right sides of the spine at T12, L1, and L2 at 0, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify muscle crosssectional area and structural changes before and at 28 weeks following the initial injection. Skinned fibers isolated from the paraspinal muscles were tested for their active and passive force-length relationships, unloaded shortening velocity, and myosin heavy chain isoforms. RESULTS: BTX-A injections led to significant fat infiltration within the injected muscles and a greater proportion of IIa to IIx fibers. Isolated fast fibers from BTX-A injected animals had lower active force and unloaded shortening velocity compared with fibers from saline-injected control animals. Force and velocity properties were not different between groups for the slow fibers. CONCLUSION: Injection of BTX-A into the paraspinal rabbit muscles leads to significant alterations in the contractile properties of fast, but not slow, fibers.Level of Evidence: N/A.
STUDY DESIGN: Basic science, experimental animal study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections on the mechanical properties of skinned muscle fibers (cells) of rabbit paraspinal muscles. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: BTX-A has been widely used in the treatment of disorders of muscle hyperactivity, such as spasticity, dystonia, and back pain. However, BTX-A injection has been shown to cause muscle atrophy, fat infiltration, and decreased force output in target muscles, but its potential effects on the contractile machinery and force production on the cellular level remain unknown. METHODS: Nineteen-month-old, male New Zealand White Rabbits received either saline or BTX-A injections into the paraspinal muscles, equally distributed along the left and right sides of the spine at T12, L1, and L2 at 0, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify muscle crosssectional area and structural changes before and at 28 weeks following the initial injection. Skinned fibers isolated from the paraspinal muscles were tested for their active and passive force-length relationships, unloaded shortening velocity, and myosin heavy chain isoforms. RESULTS: BTX-A injections led to significant fat infiltration within the injected muscles and a greater proportion of IIa to IIx fibers. Isolated fast fibers from BTX-A injected animals had lower active force and unloaded shortening velocity compared with fibers from saline-injected control animals. Force and velocity properties were not different between groups for the slow fibers. CONCLUSION: Injection of BTX-A into the paraspinal rabbit muscles leads to significant alterations in the contractile properties of fast, but not slow, fibers.Level of Evidence: N/A.