Satyavani Kumpatla1, Rizwana Parveen2, Premalatha Murugan2, Udyama Juttada3, Arutselvi Devarajan4, Vijay Viswanathan5. 1. Department of Biochemistry, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Department of Primary Prevention of Diabetes, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 3. Departments of Genetics, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 4. Department of Epidemiology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre for Research, Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 5. Department of Diabetology, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes and Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center (WHO Collaborating Center for Research Education and Training in Diabetes) (IDF Centre for Excellence in Diabetes Care), Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: drvijay@mvdiabetes.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Glucagon levels and glucagon suppression in response to oral glucose load has not been elucidated at different stages of glucose intolerance in India. METHODS: A total of 81 subjects underwent OGTT and were classified into three groups as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 23), prediabetes (PreDM) (n = 33), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) (n = 25). Insulin and glucagon at fasting, 30 and 120 min was measured by ELISA. HOMA-IR, measures of insulin sensitivity, early, late and overall glucagon suppression during OGTT was calculated. RESULTS: Plasma glucagon levels were higher at all-time points in the PreDM and NDM groups. Fasting glucagon levels were higher than post glucose load glucagon in all groups. There was a significant difference in the fasting(p = 0.001), 30 min(p = 0.004) and 120 min(p = 0.032) glucagon between the groups. HOMA-IR increased and insulin sensitivity decreased with worsening of glucose intolerance(p < 0.0001). The groups did not differ in terms of early glucagon suppression(p = 0.094). NDM group suppressed glucagon more than NGT from 30 to 120 min after glucose intake. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated higher fasting glucagon levels. Prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes individuals had higher glucagon levels, high insulin resistance and lower insulin sensitivity. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Glucagon levels and glucagon suppression in response to oral glucose load has not been elucidated at different stages of glucose intolerance in India. METHODS: A total of 81 subjects underwent OGTT and were classified into three groups as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 23), prediabetes (PreDM) (n = 33), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) (n = 25). Insulin and glucagon at fasting, 30 and 120 min was measured by ELISA. HOMA-IR, measures of insulin sensitivity, early, late and overall glucagon suppression during OGTT was calculated. RESULTS: Plasma glucagon levels were higher at all-time points in the PreDM and NDM groups. Fasting glucagon levels were higher than post glucose load glucagon in all groups. There was a significant difference in the fasting(p = 0.001), 30 min(p = 0.004) and 120 min(p = 0.032) glucagon between the groups. HOMA-IR increased and insulin sensitivity decreased with worsening of glucose intolerance(p < 0.0001). The groups did not differ in terms of early glucagon suppression(p = 0.094). NDM group suppressed glucagon more than NGT from 30 to 120 min after glucose intake. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated higher fasting glucagon levels. Prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes individuals had higher glucagon levels, high insulin resistance and lower insulin sensitivity. Hyperglucagonemia may contribute to type 2 diabetes.