Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo1, David J Eldridge2, Yu-Rong Liu3, Blessing Sokoya4, Jun-Tao Wang5, Hang-Wei Hu6,7, Ji-Zheng He6,7, Felipe Bastida8, José L Moreno8, Adebola R Bamigboye9, José L Blanco-Pastor10, Concha Cano-Díaz11, Javier G Illán12, Thulani P Makhalanyane13, Christina Siebe14, Pankaj Trivedi15, Eli Zaady16, Jay Prakash Verma17, Ling Wang18, Jianyong Wang18, Tine Grebenc19, Gabriel F Peñaloza-Bojacá20, Tina U Nahberger19, Alberto L Teixido21, Xin-Quan Zhou3, Miguel Berdugo22,23, Jorge Duran24, Alexandra Rodríguez24, Xiaobing Zhou25, Fernando Alfaro26,27, Sebastian Abades27, Cesar Plaza28, Ana Rey29, Brajesh K Singh5,30, Leho Tedersoo31, Noah Fierer4,32. 1. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain. m.delgadobaquerizo@gmail.com. 2. Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. 3. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. 4. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. 5. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia. 6. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. 7. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China. 8. CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain. 9. Natural History Museum (Botany Unit), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 10. INRAE, UR4 (URP3F), Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, 86600 Lusignan, France. 11. Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles 28933, Spain. 12. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. 13. Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa. 14. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F. CP 04510, México. 15. Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. 16. Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Mobile Post Negev, Gilat 8531100, Israel. 17. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India. 18. Institute of Grassland Science/School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China. 19. Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. 20. Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil. 21. Departamento de Botância e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, 78060-900 MT, Brazil. 22. Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 23. Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environment Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Univeritätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. 24. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal. 25. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China. 26. GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. 27. Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), CP 7800003 Santiago, Chile. 28. Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 29. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 30. Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 2751, Australia. 31. Department of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. 32. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Abstract
The structure and function of the soil microbiome of urban greenspaces remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey in urban greenspaces and neighboring natural ecosystems across 56 cities from six continents, and found that urban soils are important hotspots for soil bacterial, protist and functional gene diversity, but support highly homogenized microbial communities worldwide. Urban greenspaces had a greater proportion of fast-growing bacteria, algae, amoebae, and fungal pathogens, but a lower proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi than natural ecosystems. These urban ecosystems also showed higher proportions of genes associated with human pathogens, greenhouse gas emissions, faster nutrient cycling, and more intense abiotic stress than natural environments. City affluence, management practices, and climate were fundamental drivers of urban soil communities. Our work paves the way toward a more comprehensive global-scale perspective on urban greenspaces, which is integral to managing the health of these ecosystems and the well-being of human populations.
The structure and function of the soil microbiome of urbanpan> greenspaces remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey in urbanpan> greenspaces anpan>d neighboring natural ecosystems across 56 cities from six continents, anpan>d found that urbanpan> soils are importanpan>t hotspots for soil bacterial, protist anpan>d functional gene diversity, but support highly homogenized microbial communities worldwide. Urbanpan> greenspaces had a greater proportion of fast-growing bacteria, pan> class="Species">algae, amoebae, and fungal pathogens, but a lower proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi than natural ecosystems. These urban ecosystems also showed higher proportions of genes associated with human pathogens, greenhouse gas emissions, faster nutrient cycling, and more intense abiotic stress than natural environments. City affluence, management practices, and climate were fundamental drivers of urban soil communities. Our work paves the way toward a more comprehensive global-scale perspective on urban greenspaces, which is integral to managing the health of these ecosystems and the well-being of human populations.
Authors: Carlos A Guerra; Miguel Berdugo; David J Eldridge; Nico Eisenhauer; Brajesh K Singh; Haiying Cui; Sebastian Abades; Fernando D Alfaro; Adebola R Bamigboye; Felipe Bastida; José L Blanco-Pastor; Asunción de Los Ríos; Jorge Durán; Tine Grebenc; Javier G Illán; Yu-Rong Liu; Thulani P Makhalanyane; Steven Mamet; Marco A Molina-Montenegro; José L Moreno; Arpan Mukherjee; Tina U Nahberger; Gabriel F Peñaloza-Bojacá; César Plaza; Sergio Picó; Jay Prakash Verma; Ana Rey; Alexandra Rodríguez; Leho Tedersoo; Alberto L Teixido; Cristian Torres-Díaz; Pankaj Trivedi; Juntao Wang; Ling Wang; Jianyong Wang; Eli Zaady; Xiaobing Zhou; Xin-Quan Zhou; Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo Journal: Nature Date: 2022-10-12 Impact factor: 69.504