Do Psychotropic Drugs Cause Epileptic Seizures? A Review of the Available Evidence.

Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy are common. A bidirectional relationship has been well described where not only patients with epilepsy have a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities but also patients with primary psychiatric disorders are at an increased risk of developing seizures. The aim of this review is to highlight the complex relationship between epilepsy and common psychiatric disorders and to answer the question whether psychotropic medications are proconvulsant by reviewing the preclinical and clinical literature. The evidence shows that the majority of psychotropic medications are not proconvulsant when used in therapeutic doses with the exception of a subset of medications, mainly bupropion IR and certain antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine. An effective treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with epilepsy must consider not only the potential therapeutic effect of the drug, but also its potential iatrogenic effects on the seizure disorder.