Scott P Layne1,2, Jeffery K Taubenberger1,2. 1. Saint Johns Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA and is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Email: scottplayne@gmail.com. 2. Chief of the Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Email: taubenbergerj@niaid.nih.gov.