Xia Liu1, Gabriela L M Ghisi2, Shu Meng3, Sherry L Grace4, Wendan Shi5, Ling Zhang5, Robyn Gallagher5, Paul Oh6, Crystal Aultman6, Nicole Sandison6, Biao Ding7, Yaqing Zhang1. 1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing, Shanghai, China. 2. Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 2R6, Canada. Electronic address: gabriela.meloghisi@uhn.ca. 3. Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 4. Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 2R6, Canada; Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada. 5. Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 6. Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, Ontario M4G 2R6, Canada. 7. Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven model of secondary prevention in which patient education is a core component. OBJECTIVES: to translate and culturally-adapt CR patient education for Mandarin-speaking patients living in China as well as immigrants, and offer recommendation for best practices in adaptation for both. METHODS: these steps were undertaken in China and Canada: (1) preparation; (2) translation and adaptation; (3) review by healthcare providers based on PEMAT-P; (4) think-aloud review by patients; and (5) finalization. RESULTS: Two independent Mandarin translations were undertaken using best practices: one domestic (China) and one international (immigrants). Input by 23 experts instigated revisions. Experts rated the language and content as culturally-appropriate, and perceived the materials would benefit their patients. A revised version was then administered to 36 patients, based on which a few edits were made to optimize understandability. CONCLUSIONS: some important differences emerged between translations adapted for native versus immigrant settings.
BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a proven model of secondary prevention in which patient education is a core component. OBJECTIVES: to translate and culturally-adapt CR patient education for Mandarin-speaking patients living in China as well as immigrants, and offer recommendation for best practices in adaptation for both. METHODS: these steps were undertaken in China and Canada: (1) preparation; (2) translation and adaptation; (3) review by healthcare providers based on PEMAT-P; (4) think-aloud review by patients; and (5) finalization. RESULTS: Two independent Mandarin translations were undertaken using best practices: one domestic (China) and one international (immigrants). Input by 23 experts instigated revisions. Experts rated the language and content as culturally-appropriate, and perceived the materials would benefit their patients. A revised version was then administered to 36 patients, based on which a few edits were made to optimize understandability. CONCLUSIONS: some important differences emerged between translations adapted for native versus immigrant settings.