| Literature DB >> 34231795 |
Vitor Emer Egypto Rosa1, Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro1, João Ricardo Cordeiro Fernandes1, Antonio de Santis1, Guilherme Sobreira Spina1, Milena Ribeiro Paixão1, Lucas José Tachotti Pires1, Marcelo Bettega1, Tarso Augusto Duenhas Accorsi1, Roney Orismar Sampaio1, Flávio Tarasoutchi1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heyde's syndrome is the association of severe aortic stenosis with episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplastic lesion. Little is known about the factors associated with new episodes of bleeding and long-term outcomes. Furthermore, most data are restricted to case reports and small case series.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34231795 PMCID: PMC8462952 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200371
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
– Características clínicas, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficas basais da população estudada
| Total (n=24) | Intervenção (n=17) | Clínico (n=7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idade (anos) | 77 [70-82] | 76 [68-81] | 82 [81-87] | 0,069 |
| Sexo feminino, n (%) | 12 (50,0) | 7 (41,2) | 5 (71,4) | 0,371 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10 (41,7) | 7 (41,2) | 3 (42,9) | 1,000 |
| Hipertensão, n (%) | 19 (79,2) | 15 (88,2) | 4 (57,1) | 0,126 |
| Fibrilação atrial, n (%) | 4 (16,7) | 3 (17,6) | 1 (14,3) | 1,000 |
| Doença arterial coronariana, n (%) | 10 (41,7) | 8 (47,1) | 2 (8,6) | 0,653 |
| EuroSCORE II (%) | 1,78 [1,44-3,42] | 1,71 [1,31-2,81] | 2,41 [1,57-7,55] | 0,371 |
| STS (%) | 2,43 [1,60-4,42] | 2,21 [1,49-3,95] | 4,8 [1,93-6,04] | 1,000 |
| Dispneia (NYHA III/IV), n (%) | 14 (58,3) | 10 (58,8) | 4 (57,1) | 1,000 |
| Angina, n (%) | 3 (12,5) | 3 (17,6) | 0 (0) | 0,530 |
| Sangramento gastrointestinal com necessidade de transfusão, n (%) | 12 (50,0) | 9 (52,9) | 3 (42,9) | 1,000 |
| Inibidores da ECA ou BRA, n (%) | 10 (41,7) | 8 (47,1) | 2 (28,6) | 0,653 |
| Betabloqueadores, n (%) | 6 (25,0) | 4 (23,5) | 2 (28,6) | 1,000 |
| Antiagregantes plaquetários, n (%) | 8 (33,3) | 5 (29,4) | 3 (42,9) | 0,647 |
| Diuréticos, n (%) | 17 (70,8) | 11 (64,7) | 6 (85,7) | 0,625 |
| Estatinas, n (%) | 9 (37,5) | 6 (35,3) | 3 (42,9) | 1,000 |
| Digoxina, n (%) | 3 (12,5) | 2 (11,8) | 1 (14,3) | 1,000 |
| Anticoagulação oral, n (%) | 2 (8,3) | 2 (11,8) | 0 (0) | 1,000 |
| Gradiente transaórtico médio, mmHg | 49 [42-57] | 53 [42-57] | 42 [39-59] | 0,141 |
| Velocidade de pico aórtica, m/s | 4,5 [4,0-4,9] | 4,5 [4,0-5,1] | 4,4 [4,0-4,8] | 0,381 |
| Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, % | 64 [56-68] | 64 [55-68] | 65 [55-69] | |
| Área valvar aórtica, cm2 | 0,66 [0,60-0,70] | 0,66 [0,60-0,70] | 0,66 [0,60-0,70] | 1,000 |
| Insuficiência aórtica moderada, n (%) | 2 (8,3) | 1 (5,9) | 1 (14,3) | 0,507 |
| Insuficiência mitral funcional moderada/importante, n (%) | 7 (29,2) | 5 (29,4) | 2 (28,6) | 1,000 |
| Insuficiência tricúspide moderada/importante, n (%) | 3 (12,5) | 1 (5,9) | 2 (28,6) | 0,194 |
| Hemoglobina, g/dL | 10,1 [8,2-11,4] | 10,4 [8,5-12,6] | 9,1 [6,3-11] | 1,000 |
| Hemoglobina < 7,0 g/dL na admissão, n (%) | 4 (17,4) | 1 (6,3) | 3 (42,9) | 0,067 |
| Hemoglobina < 9,0 g/dL na admissão, n (%) | 8 (34,8) | 5 (51,3) | 3 (42,9) | 0,657 |
| Hematócrito, % | 32 [25-34] | 32 [27-36] | 27 [22-33] | 0,657 |
| Plaquetas, /mm3 | 210 000 [155 000-281 000] | 208 000 [149 000-267 500] | 270 000 [175 000-299 000] | 0,667 |
| Tempo de protrombina, seg | 15,3 [13,2-16,2] | 14,6 [12,7-16,1] | 15,9 [15,3-17,9] | 0,193 |
| Atividade protrombínica, % | 78,7 [71,8-92,0] | 83,6 [73,5-92,0] | 71,8 [63,0-89,8] | 0,371 |
| Relação de tempos (TP/TR) | 1,1 [1,0-1,2] | 1,0 [1,0-1,1] | 1,2 [1,0-1,2] | 0,650 |
| RNI | 1,1 [1,0-1,2] | 1,0 [1,0-1,1] | 1,2 [1,0-1,3] | 0,137 |
| TTPA, seg | 29,5 [28,2-33,9] | 29,3 [28,3-31,] | 30,0 [28,1-36,5] | 0,361 |
| Clearance de creatinina, mL/min/1,73m2 | 59 [48-75] | 61 [52-70] | 28 [28-77] | 1,000 |
| Ureia, mg/dL | 50 [41-70] | 47 [38-56] | 71 [50-138] | 0,193 |
BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina; ECA: enzima conversora da angiotensina; NYHA: New York Heart Association; RNI: razão normalizada internacional; TP: tempo de protrombina; TR: tempo de reptilase; TTPA: tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada.
– Características da colonoscopia e endoscopia digestiva alta
| Total (n=24) | Intervenção (n=17) | Clínico (n=7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cólon ascendente, n (%) | 15 (62,5) | 9 (52,9) | 6 (85,7) | 0,191 |
| Cólon transverso, n (%) | 2 (8,3) | 0 (0) | 2 (28,6) | 0,076 |
| Estômago, n (%) | 9 (37,5) | 7 (41,2) | 2 (28,6) | 0,669 |
| Cólon descendente, n (%) | 4 (16,7) | 1 (5,9) | 3 (42,9) | 0,059 |
| Duodeno, n (%) | 5 (20,8) | 4 (23,5) | 1 (14,3) | 1,000 |
| Jejuno, n (%) | 4 (16,7) | 2 (11,8) | 2 (28,6) | 0,552 |
| Divertículos, n (%) | 13 (54,2) | 8 (47,1) | 5 (71,4) | 0,386 |
| Pólipos, n (%) | 8 (3,3) | 7 (41,2) | 1 (14,3) | 0,352 |
| Cauterização ou aplicação de argônio, n (%) | 10 (41,7) | 9 (52,9) | 1 (14,3) | 0,172 |
*A soma pode ser maior que 100% pois pacientes podem apresentar mais do que uma localidade da angiodisplasia.
– Características da intervenção e eventos em 30 dias
| Intervenção (n=17) | Clínico (n=7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prótese biológica, n (%) | 12 (70,5) | - | - |
| Prótese mecânica, n (%) | 3 (17,6) | - | - |
| Revascularização miocárdica concomitante, n (%) | 4 (23,5) | - | - |
| TAVR, n (%) | 2 (11,7) | ||
| Mortalidade em 30 dias, n (%) | 2 (11,8) | 0 (0) | 1,000 |
| Mortalidade em 1 ano, n (%) | 4 (23,5) | 0 (0) | 0,283 |
| Acidente vascular cerebral incapacitante, n (%) | 1 (5,9) | - | - |
| Derrame pericárdico, n (%) | 3 (17,6) | - | - |
| Fibrilação atrial, n (%) | 6 (35,3) | - | - |
| Reabordagem, n (%) | 2 (11,8) | - | - |
| Sangramento gastrointestinal, n (%) | 4 (23,5) | 2 (28,6) | 1,000 |
| Sangramento gastrointestinal com necessidade de transfusão, n (%) | 2 (11,8) | 2 (28,6) | 0,552 |
TAVR indica implante de bioprótese aórtica transcateter, do inglês transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
– Clinical, laboratory and echocardiography characteristics of the study population
| Total (N = 24) | Intervention (n = 17) | Clinical (n = 7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 77 [70-82] | 76 [68-81] | 82 [81-87] | 0.069 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 12 (50.0) | 7 (41.2) | 5 (71.4) | 0.371 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 7 (41.2) | 3 (42.9) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (79.2) | 15 (88.2) | 4 (57.1) | 0.126 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 8 (47.1) | 2 (8.6) | 0.653 |
| EuroSCORE II (%) | 1.78 [1.44-3.42] | 1.71 [1.31-2.81] | 2.41 [1.57-7.55] | 0.371 |
| STS (%) | 2.43 [1.60-4.42] | 2.21 [1.49-3.95] | 4.8 [1.93-6.04] | 1.000 |
| Dyspnea (NYHA III/IV), n (%) | 14 (58.3) | 10 (58.8) | 4 (57.1) | 1.000 |
| Angina, n (%) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (17.6) | 0 (0) | 0.530 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding requiring transfusion, n (%) | 12 (50.0) | 9 (52.9) | 3 (42.9) | 1.000 |
| ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 8 (47.1) | 2 (28.6) | 0.653 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 6 (25.0) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1.000 |
| Platelet antiaggregant drugs, n (%) | 8 (33.3) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (42.9) | 0.647 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 17 (70.8) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (85.7) | 0.625 |
| Statins, n (%) | 9 (37.5) | 6 (35.3) | 3 (42.9) | 1.000 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 3 (12.5) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Oral anticoagulation, n (%) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Mean transaortic gradient, mmHg | 49 [42-57] | 53 [42-57] | 42 [39-59] | 0.141 |
| Aortic peak velocity, m/s | 4.5 [4.0-4.9] | 4.5 [4.0-5.1] | 4.4 [4.0-4.8] | 0.381 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 64 [56-68] | 64 [55-68] | 65 [55-69] | |
| Aortic valve area, cm2 | 0.66 [0.60-0.70] | 0.66 [0.60-0.70] | 0.66 [0.60-0.70] | 1.000 |
| Moderate aortic insufficiency, n (%) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (14.3) | 0.507 |
| Moderate/severe functional mitral insufficiency, n (%) | 7 (29.2) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (28.6) | 1.000 |
| Moderate/severe tricuspid insufficiency, n (%) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (28.6) | 0.194 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.1 [8.2-11.4] | 10.4 [8.5-12.6] | 9.1 [6.3-11] | 1.000 |
| Hemoglobin < 7.0 g/dL on admission, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (42.9) | 0.067 |
| Hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL on admission, n (%) | 8 (34.8) | 5 (51.3) | 3 (42.9) | 0.657 |
| Hematocrit, % | 32 [25-34] | 32 [27-36] | 27 [22-33] | 0.657 |
| Platelets, /mm3 | 210 000 [155 000-281 000] | 208 000 [149 000-267 500] | 270 000 [175 000-299 000] | 0.667 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 15.3 [13.2-16.2] | 14.6 [12.7-16.1] | 15.9 [15.3-17.9] | 0.193 |
| Prothrombin activity, % | 78.7 [71.8-92.0] | 83.6 [73.5-92.0] | 71.8 [63.0-89.8] | 0.371 |
| Time ratio (PT/RT) | 1.1 [1.0-1.2] | 1.0 [1.0-1.1] | 1.2 [1.0-1.2] | 0.650 |
| INR | 1.1 [1.0-1.2] | 1.0 [1.0-1.1] | 1.2 [1.0-1.3] | 0.137 |
| APTT, s | 29.5 [28.2-33.9] | 29.3 [28.3-31.] | 30.0 [28.1-36.5] | 0.361 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/min/1.73m2 | 59 [48-75] | 61 [52-70] | 28 [28-77] | 1.000 |
| Urea, mg/dL | 50 [41-70] | 47 [38-56] | 71 [50-138] | 0.193 |
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; IRN: international normalized ratio; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PT: prothrombin time; RT: reptilase time.
– Findings from colonoscopy and upper digestive tract endoscopy
| Total (n=24) | Intervention (n = 17) | Clinical (n = 7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending colon, n (%) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (52.9) | 6 (85.7) | 0.191 |
| Transverse colon, n (%) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (28.6) | 0.076 |
| Stomach, n (%) | 9 (37.5) | 7 (41.2) | 2 (28.6) | 0.669 |
| Descending colon, n (%) | 4 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (42.9) | 0.059 |
| Duodenum, n (%) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Jejunum, n (%) | 4 (16.7) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (28.6) | 0.552 |
| Diverticuli, n (%) | 13 (54.2) | 8 (47.1) | 5 (71.4) | 0.386 |
| Polyps, n (%) | 8 (3.3) | 7 (41.2) | 1 (14.3) | 0.352 |
| Cauterization or application of argon, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 9 (52.9) | 1 (14.3) | 0.172 |
*The sum may be higher than 100% because the patients may present with angiodysplasia at more than one site.
– Characteristics of intervention and events at 30 days
| Intervention (n = 17) | Clinical (n = 7) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological prosthesis, n (%) | 12 (70.5) | - | - |
| Mechanical prosthesis, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | - | - |
| Concomitant myocardial revascularization, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | - | - |
| TAVR, n (%) | 2 (11.7) | ||
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| 1-year mortality, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0) | 0.283 |
| Major stroke, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | - | - |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | - | - |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 6 (35.3) | - | - |
| Reintervention, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | - | - |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1.000 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding requiring transfusion, n (%) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (28.6) | 0.552 |
TAVR indicates transcatheter aortic valve replacement.