| Literature DB >> 34227762 |
Keming Zhang1, Ming Deng1, Yuanyuan Su2, Dong Xie1, Youcheng Xu1, Xianghong Liu1.
Abstract
A fast and simple ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 22 sunscreen agents (UV filters), viz. phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBS), terephthalydene dicamphor sulfonic acid (TDS), benzophenone-4 (BZ4), camphor benzalkonium methosulfate (CBM), benzophenone-2 (BZ2), benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid (BCS), benzophenone-3 (BZ3), 3-benzylidene camphor (3BC), isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate (IMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (MBC), diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), octocrylene (OCR), butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (BDM), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (EDP), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EMC), homosalate (HS), ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), drometrizole trisiloxane (DRT), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBP), and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (EMT) in cosmetic products. Different parameters, such as column type, oven temperature, mobile phase composition, and detection wavelength, were studied. The best chromatographic separation was obtained under the following conditions: Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) column set at 25 ℃ and gradient acetonitrile-isopropanol-water (containing 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.05% (v/v) formic acid) as the mobile phase, pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, with a wavelength of 311 nm. The proposed UHPLC-DAD technique provided separation of the 22 target sunscreen agents within 35 min, with the optimized sample pretreatment procedure below. First, samples were mixed thoroughly by adding 2 mL or 5 mL tetrahydrofuran, followed by vortex and dispersal. If the wax samples were still not homogenized completely, an ultrasonic dispersal protocol with heating to 50 ℃ was adopted. Second, the homogeneous samples were ultrasonically extracted with ethanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. The developed method showed good linear relationships, with correlation coefficients of no less than 0.998. Two kinds of samples with different matrix types were fortified at three levels. The average spiked recoveries of 22 UV filters ranged from 85.2% to 112.3%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.5% to 6.5%. The limits of detection were between 0.7 and 64 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification ranged from 2.4 mg/kg to 215 mg/kg. Moreover, the stabilities of the mixed standard solutions at the levels of 2, 10, and 50 mg/L were tested. The stability results showed that drometrizole trisiloxane was stable for 12 h, while the others were stable for 36 h. The reliability of the developed method was demonstrated by applying it to 16 commercial sunscreen-containing cosmetic samples obtained from the Chinese market. The levels determined in this study agreed well with those of five commercial samples (such as emulsion and cream). The method developed was remarkably different from the standard method, which is mentioned in the Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 edition), especially in terms of mobile phase composition and extraction solvent. Compared to the standard method, this method bypassed the use of large amounts of corrosive solvents like tetrahydrofuran and perchloric acid, thus improving the extraction efficiency of low-polarity components like drometrizole trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, and the analytes were well separated with better stability. Benzophenone-2 was added to this method as another detection component. The good analytical features, as well as their environment-friendly characteristics, make the presented method suitable not only for routine analysis in cosmetics industries, but also as a candidate reference method for sunscreen analysis.Entities:
Keywords: cosmetics; sunscreen agents; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC); ultraviolet (UV) filters
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227762 PMCID: PMC9404211 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.12001
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图 122种防晒剂混合标准溶液的液相色谱图(311 nm)
不同溶剂提取霜、乳类化妆品中防晒剂的结果(n=2)
| Analyte | Formula | Contents in cream/% | Contents in emulsion/% | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | A | B | C | D | E | F | ||||
| PBS | 3.00 | 2.95 | 2.79 | 2.54 | 2.90 | 3.02 | 2.96 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| TDS | 9.50 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 9.63 | 6.46 | 8.36 | 9.15 | 9.30 | 9.52 | ||
| BZ3 | 4.00 | 4.09 | 4.06 | 4.04 | 4.04 | 4.07 | 4.00 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| IMC | 3.00 | 3.24 | 3.09 | 3.15 | 3.09 | 3.14 | 3.10 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| MBC | 2.00 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 2.02 | 2.04 | 2.09 | 2.09 | 2.09 | 2.04 | ||
| DHHB | 3.50 | 3.45 | 3.32 | 3.33 | 3.35 | 3.41 | 3.51 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| OCR | 0.15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | ||
| BDM | 0.070 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.067 | 0.068 | 0.067 | 0.069 | ||
| EMC | 8.00 | 7.98 | 7.77 | 7.89 | 7.94 | 8.09 | 8.06 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| ES | 2.00 | 1.92 | 1.89 | 1.67 | 1.95 | 1.99 | 2.08 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| HS | 0.030 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.028 | 0.029 | 0.030 | 0.028 | ||
| ET | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 0.85 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
| DRT | 3.00 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 3.08 | 3.05 | 3.09 | 3.01 | 3.08 | 2.06 | ||
| MBP | 3.00 | 0.47 | 0.91 | 2.77 | 2.50 | 2.95 | 0.46 | 0.99* | 1.79* | 3.58* | 2.11* | 4.08* | 0.73* | ||
| EMT | 2.50 | 2.39 | 2.51 | 2.52 | 2.54 | 2.53 | 0.91 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ||
Extration solvent A: methanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid; B: acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid; C: isopropanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid; D: ethanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid; E: sample dispersed and dissolved by adding 2 mL tetrahydrofuran, then extracted with ethanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid; F: methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water-perchloric acid (250:450:300:0.25, v/v/v/v) solution[. * Formula value: 4.00%, ND: not detected.
图 2不同提取溶剂提取乳液的效果比较
22种防晒剂的保留时间、线性范围、线性方程、相关系数、检出限及定量限
| Analyte | Linear range/(mg/L) | Linear equation |
| LOD/(mg/kg) | LOQ/(mg/kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBS | 3.86 | 0.96-47.98 | 0.9994 | 1.0 | 3.4 | |
| TDS | 5.64 | 4.27-213.3 | 0.9993 | 21 | 70 | |
| BZ4 | 6.12 | 1.55-77.50 | 0.9995 | 2.4 | 8.0 | |
| CBM | 7.36 | 0.91-45.53 | 0.9995 | 3.6 | 12 | |
| BZ2 | 7.78 | 2.53-126.5 | 0.9995 | 1.6 | 5.5 | |
| BCS | 8.19 | 0.98-48.91 | 0.9996 | 1.3 | 4.2 | |
| BZ3 | 11.89 | 1.80-89.98 | 0.9996 | 1.9 | 6.3 | |
| 3BC | 14.60 | 0.87-43.75 | 0.9995 | 1.2 | 4.1 | |
| IMC | 15.00 | 0.82-41.07 | 0.9995 | 0.7 | 2.4 | |
| MBC | 16.47 | 1.11-55.59 | 0.9995 | 1.1 | 3.8 | |
| DHHB | 18.03 | 2.06-102.9 | 0.9995 | 34 | 113 | |
| OCR | 20.56 | 1.57-78.48 | 0.9995 | 13 | 43 | |
| BDM | 21.13 | 2.48-124.0 | 0.9995 | 27 | 90 | |
| EDP | 21.75 | 1.48-74.00 | 0.9995 | 5.0 | 17 | |
| EMC | 23.37 | 0.94-46.96 | 0.9995 | 6.0 | 20 | |
| ES | 25.32 | 2.48-123.9 | 0.9995 | 37 | 125 | |
| HS | 26.51 | 2.34-116.8 | 0.9996 | 64 | 215 | |
| DBT | 29.81 | 0.96-48.24 | 0.9995 | 2.9 | 9.7 | |
| ET | 31.30 | 0.96-48.25 | 0.9992 | 2.7 | 8.9 | |
| DRT | 31.61 | 1.85-92.51 | 0.9995 | 27 | 91 | |
| MBP | 33.02 | 1.60-80.03 | 0.9995 | 2.0 | 6.6 | |
| EMT | 33.64 | 0.69-34.56 | 0.9985 | 0.9 | 3.2 |
Y: peak area; X: mass concentration, mg/L.
空白化妆品中22种防晒剂的加标回收率和精密度(n=6)
| Analyte | Spiked/ | Recoveries/% | RSDs/% | Analyte | Spiked/ | Recoveries/% | RSDs/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cream | Lip balm | Cream | Lip balm | Cream | Lip balm | Cream | Lip balm | ||||
| PBS | 1.9 | 98.5 | 89.9 | 2.3 | 4.4 | OCR | 3.1 | 96.5 | 99.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
| 9.6 | 101.9 | 103.2 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 15.7 | 101.0 | 97.7 | 1.2 | 3.5 | ||
| 48.0 | 108.0 | 102.0 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 78.5 | 106.7 | 97.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | ||
| TDS | 8.5 | 97.6 | 94.1 | 3.8 | 1.7 | BDM | 5.0 | 92.5 | 105.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
| 42.7 | 96.5 | 95.9 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 24.8 | 86.9 | 90.7 | 2.3 | 3.8 | ||
| 213.3 | 101.5 | 100.4 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 124.0 | 91.9 | 85.2 | 1.5 | 3.1 | ||
| BZ4 | 3.1 | 102.3 | 103.8 | 4.0 | 0.9 | EDP | 3.0 | 103.1 | 106.3 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
| 15.5 | 94.9 | 101.1 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 14.8 | 96.9 | 102.6 | 2.3 | 4.4 | ||
| 77.5 | 100.6 | 99.7 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 74.0 | 102.6 | 102.5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | ||
| CBM | 1.8 | 100.8 | 104.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | EMC | 1.9 | 100.9 | 104.2 | 6.5 | 1.2 |
| 9.1 | 95.8 | 102.0 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 9.4 | 104.2 | 101.6 | 1.9 | 2.7 | ||
| 45.5 | 101.4 | 99.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 47.0 | 109.8 | 101.6 | 1.5 | 2.1 | ||
| BZ2 | 5.1 | 102.6 | 109.0 | 3.1 | 0.8 | ES | 5.0 | 107.8 | 109.3 | 3.6 | 2.8 |
| 25.3 | 94.3 | 101.4 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 24.8 | 102.8 | 101.0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | ||
| 126.5 | 101.5 | 101.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 123.9 | 108.0 | 103.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||
| BCS | 2.0 | 97.2 | 102.1 | 2.2 | 1.2 | HS | 4.7 | 100.2 | 103.0 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
| 9.8 | 112.3 | 97.0 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 23.4 | 102.9 | 100.6 | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||
| 48.9 | 104.9 | 96.8 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 116.8 | 108.2 | 101.7 | 1.5 | 3.3 | ||
| BZ3 | 3.6 | 103.1 | 105.5 | 0.5 | 4.1 | DBT | 1.9 | 99.8 | 98.1 | 3.3 | 1.2 |
| 18.0 | 102.3 | 100.6 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 9.6 | 94.6 | 100.5 | 3.3 | 2.1 | ||
| 90.0 | 107.8 | 100.5 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 48.2 | 106.7 | 99.9 | 1.0 | 2.3 | ||
| 3BC | 1.7 | 106.7 | 109.2 | 6.3 | 2.4 | ET | 1.9 | 94.9 | 105.8 | 3.2 | 1.3 |
| 8.7 | 98.4 | 105.6 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 9.6 | 94.8 | 95.4 | 2.3 | 4.0 | ||
| 43.7 | 103.5 | 105.2 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 48.2 | 103.4 | 94.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | ||
| IMC | 1.6 | 103.0 | 106.4 | 1.5 | 3.3 | DRT | 3.7 | 101.7 | 103.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| 8.2 | 102.3 | 103.0 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 18.5 | 96.8 | 101.7 | 1.9 | 2.4 | ||
| 41.1 | 108.2 | 103.0 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 92.5 | 102.6 | 98.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | ||
| MBC | 2.2 | 102.7 | 104.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | MBP | 3.2 | 91.8 | 94.2 | 3.7 | 1.1 |
| 11.1 | 102.5 | 102.6 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 16.0 | 105.4 | 91.6 | 3.3 | 3.1 | ||
| 55.6 | 107.7 | 102.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 80.0 | 102.3 | 91.6 | 1.7 | 2.4 | ||
| DHHB | 4.1 | 100.0 | 101.4 | 4.3 | 1.5 | EMT | 1.4 | 100.8 | 103.7 | 3.5 | 2.9 |
| 20.6 | 100.9 | 97.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 6.9 | 98.5 | 105.7 | 3.4 | 2.0 | ||
| 102.9 | 106.0 | 97.6 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 34.6 | 102.2 | 102.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 | ||
市售化妆品样品中防晒剂的测定结果
| Sample | Analyte | Content± | Formula | Sample | Analyte | Content± | Formula | Sample | Analyte | Content± | Formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emulsion-1 | MBC | 2.06±0.01 | 2.00 | Cream-1 | IMC | 2.80±0.03 | 3.00 | Lotion-1 | DHHB | 2.46±0.06 | - |
| DHHB | 2.30±0.01 | 2.50 | OCR | 1.02±0.01 | 1.00 | EMC | 5.84±0.15 | - | |||
| EMC | 5.97±0.01 | 6.00 | BDM | 3.93±0.04 | 4.00 | ET | 0.75±0.02 | - | |||
| ET | 1.72±0.01 | 1.70 | EMC | 6.96±0.05 | 7.00 | DMT | 4.53±0.11 | - | |||
| MBP | 2.09±0.02 | 2.00 | ES | 4.13±0.04 | 4.00 | MBP | 0.72±0.02 | - | |||
| Emulsion-2 | OCR | 7.74±0.05 | 8.00 | MBP | 1.21±0.02 | 1.20 | EMT | 2.29±0.06 | - | ||
| EMC | 4.87±0.03 | 5.00 | EMT | 3.76±0.04 | 4.00 | Lotion-2 | DHHB | 0.67±0.01 | - | ||
| HS | 6.79±0.04 | 7.00 | Cream-2 | BZ3 | 3.95±0.02 | 4.00 | OCR | 2.83±0.01 | - | ||
| MBP | 2.38±0.02 | 2.50 | BDM | 2.50±0.02 | 2.50 | EMC | 8.57±0.05 | - | |||
| EMT | 3.34±0.03 | 3.50 | EMC | 8.22±0.03 | 8.00 | ET | 0.90±0.01 | - | |||
| Emulsion-3 | TDS | 9.73±0.05 | - | ES | 2.88±0.02 | 3.00 | MBP | 0.76±0.01 | - | ||
| EMC | 6.24±0.13 | - | Cream-3 | PBS | 1.91±0.05 | 2.00 | EMT | 0.17±0.01 | - | ||
| DRT | 4.86±0.09 | - | DHHB | 2.71±0.02 | 3.00 | Lotion-3 | DHHB | 1.79±0.01 | - | ||
| Emulsion-4 | TDS | 9.90±0.06 | - | EMC | 9.15±0.02 | 9.00 | EMC | 7.04±0.03 | - | ||
| DHHB | 0.40±0.01 | - | ET | 0.82±0.01 | 0.85 | ES | 4.09±0.02 | - | |||
| EMC | 6.12±0.06 | - | MBP | 1.96±0.01 | 2.00 | EMT | 2.11±0.05 | - | |||
| DMT | 6.48±0.07 | - | EMT | 1.68±0.01 | 1.80 | Spray | DHHB | 3.33±0.05 | - | ||
| EMT | 0.43±0.01 | - | Cream-4 | MBC | 2.90±0.06 | - | OCR | 3.98±0.06 | - | ||
| Emulsion-5 | EMC | 8.85±0.06 | - | OCR | 2.80±0.06 | - | EMC | 6.51±0.09 | - | ||
| ES | 2.68±0.02 | - | BDM | 4.03±0.06 | - | HS | 2.57±0.03 | - | |||
| HS | 0.97±0.01 | - | EMC | 7.31±0.15 | - | ET | 1.68±0.06 | - | |||
| MBP | 2.26±0.02 | - | ES | 0.89±0.02 | - | MBP | 1.22±0.06 | - | |||
| Emulsion-6 | PBS | 1.91±0.01 | - | EMT | 1.21±0.02 | - | EMT | 0.84±0.01 | - | ||
| BZ3 | 0.46±0.01 | - | Cream-5 | PBS | 1.80±0.06 | - | Lip balm | EMC | 7.12±0.02 | - | |
| OCR | 3.75±0.01 | - | MBC | 1.93±0.03 | - | ES | 4.95±0.01 | - | |||
| BDM | 2.54±0.03 | - | OCR | 4.56±0.06 | - | ||||||
| ES | 4.01±0.01 | - | EMC | 3.65±0.05 | - | ||||||
| HS | 4.19±0.01 | - | EMT | 0.82±0.01 | - | ||||||
| MBP | 0.75±0.01 | - | |||||||||
| EMT | 0.82±0.01 | - |
s: standard deviation; -: not available.
图 3部分市售化妆品的液相色谱图