| Literature DB >> 34227361 |
Baohui Zhang1, Chentong Wang1, Miao Guo1, Hua Xiao1.
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications in proteins. It plays a key role in numerous cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell proliferation, and intercellular communication. More than 30% of the cellular proteins are phosphorylated at a given time. However, dysregulation of phosphorylated proteins usually leads to a disorder in the intracellular signaling pathways and the onset of various diseases, especially cancer. Cell proliferation and metastasis are the major manifestations of cancer progression, and these might be affected by the protein phosphorylation levels. Clinically, cancer usually metastasizes at the middle and late stages, affecting other organs beyond primary lesion. This poses significant challenges in cancer treatment and prognosis. Consequently, comparing the phosphorylated proteomes of cells with different metastatic capabilities is helpful in studying the role of protein phosphorylation in cancer metastasis and progression. The human low metastatic lung cancer cell line 95C and high metastatic lung cancer cell line 95D are two of the four sublines isolated from human lung giant cell carcinoma cell line (PLA-801) by the single-cell cloning technique. These are ideal models for studying tumor metastasis and non-small cell lung cancer. MRC-5 cell line was obtained from a 14 week old fetal normal lung tissue. Quantitative analysis of the proteome and phosphorylated proteome in these normal lung cells and lung cancer cells with different metastatic capacities can identify key pathways and regulatory proteins associated with lung cancer metastasis and progression. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is an efficient technique for the enrichment of phosphopeptides and has been widely used for phosphoproteome research. Metal ions (such as Ti4+) are immobilized on the substrate by chelation, and phosphopeptides can be selectively adsorbed under acidic conditions and eluted under alkaline conditions. IMAC can enrich phosphate groups at different amino acid sites with high specificity. In this study, Ti4+was chelated onto Ti4+-IMAC material, which was used to enrich phosphopeptides for phosphoproteome research. Two enrichment methods, namely, the vortexing method and solid phase extraction (SPE) method, were first compared for the enrichment of phosphopeptides using 10 μm Ti4+-IMAC. Phosphopeptides were highly enriched using the vortexing method. Following this, two sizes of Ti4+-IMAC material (10 μm and 30 μm) were compared to determine the efficiency of phosphopeptide enrichment. Enrichment efficiency was superior with the smaller-sized material. Therefore, the small-size Ti4+-IMAC material was selected for the proteomics research of lung cell phosphorylation. The optimized strategy was further used to compare the phosphoproteomes of the lung cancer cells with different metastatic abilities. Label-free quantification proteomics demonstrated that 510, 863, and 1108 phosphorylated proteins were identified from normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), low metastatic lung cancer cells (95C), and high metastatic lung cancer cells (95D), respectively, using the optimized Ti4+-IMAC method. Among them, 317 phosphorylated proteins were shared among the three groups. The protein phosphorylation level increased significantly with increasing cellular metastatic capacity. In our study, 7560 phosphorylation sites were identified on 1268 phosphorylated proteins, among which 1130 phosphorylation sites were differentially expressed. Some abnormally expressed kinases and their phosphorylation levels are closely associated with malignant cell proliferation. Comparative bioinformatics analysis showed that dysregulated phosphoproteins were mainly related to cell migration functions, such as cell invasion, migration, and death. These abnormally expressed phosphorylated proteins and phosphorylation sites could be further validated and studied for lung cancer metastasis. Our study demonstrates that Ti4+-IMAC is a powerful tool for conducting cancer metastasis-related phosphoproteome research. By optimizing the phosphopeptide enrichment strategy, our data preliminarily clarified the correlation between the abnormality of the phosphoprotein network and lung cancer metastasis. This is expected to be useful for studying phosphorylation sites, phosphorylated proteins, and their signaling pathways related to lung cancer progression.Entities:
Keywords: cancer metastasis; immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC); lung cancer cell; phosphorylation; proteome
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227361 PMCID: PMC9274851 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.07041
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
Ti4+-IMAC-S通过SPE和振荡法富集磷酸化肽段的特异性
| Enrichment | Protein | Number | Number of | Percent of | Phosphorylation | PSM | Percent of | Number of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE | 200 | 21 | 40 | 52.50 | 53 | 75 | 70.67 | 31 |
| 400 | 50 | 114 | 43.86 | 197 | 333 | 59.16 | 88 | |
| Vortexing | 200 | 31 | 65 | 47.69 | 55 | 96 | 57.29 | 43 |
| 400 | 62 | 112 | 55.36 | 192 | 272 | 70.59 | 88 |
Ti4+-IMAC-S: 10 μm Ti4+-immobilized metal affinity chromatography; PSM: peptide spectrum matches.
Ti4+-IMAC-S和Ti4+-IMAC-L富集95C细胞磷酸化肽段的特异性
| Material | Number | Number of | Percent of | Phosphorylation | PSM | Percent of | Number of | Number of |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti4+-IMAC-S | 1644 | 2258 | 72.81 | 3297 | 4016 | 82.10 | 1804 | 914 |
| Ti4+-IMAC-L | 1002 | 2072 | 48.36 | 2006 | 3119 | 64.32 | 1095 | 626 |
Ti4+-IMAC-L: 30 μm Ti4+-immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
图 1MRC5、95C和95D细胞系(a)全蛋白质和(b)磷酸化蛋白质的韦恩图
图 2MRC5、95C和95D细胞差异表达的(a)蛋白质和(b)磷酸化位点
磷酸化蛋白质位点数频数表
| Cell | Phosphosite number per protein | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | ||
| MRC5 | 331 | 88 | 30 | 15 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| 95C | 502 | 169 | 59 | 21 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 95D | 658 | 190 | 90 | 42 | 27 | 11 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |
Numbers in bold indicate that 95D group has more proteins with 7-11 or 13-15 phosphosites than that in MRC5 and 95C group.
图 3(a)单、多磷酸化肽段和(b)磷酸化位点的数量及比例
异常表达磷酸化位点对应磷酸化蛋白质的GO分析
| GO catalogue | Term | Gene percent/% | False discovery rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological process | mRNA metabolic process | 14.84 | 2.20E-29 |
| RNA processing | 12.97 | 7.98E-28 | |
| mRNA processing | 16.67 | 5.06E-25 | |
| nucleic acid metabolic process | 6.50 | 5.58E-25 | |
| RNA splicing | 17.90 | 1.10E-24 | |
| nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | 6.13 | 2.34E-24 | |
| organelle organization | 6.90 | 3.37E-23 | |
| cellular component organization or biogenesis | 5.73 | 5.65E-23 | |
| regulation of metabolic process | 5.33 | 4.28E-22 | |
| regulation of organelle organization | 9.87 | 2.77E-21 | |
| Cell component | nuclear part | 7.89 | 5.86E-59 |
| nuclear lumen | 8.04 | 4.66E-56 | |
| nucleoplasm | 8.39 | 1.72E-51 | |
| intracellular part | 4.43 | 1.78E-50 | |
| nucleus | 6.11 | 2.14E-48 | |
| intracellular | 4.35 | 1.11E-47 | |
| intracellular organelle | 4.72 | 1.77E-46 | |
| organelle | 4.66 | 2.10E-45 | |
| cytosol | 6.84 | 3.44E-44 | |
| intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle | 7.37 | 3.45E-42 | |
| Molecular function | protein binding | 5.45 | 2.23E-25 |
| binding | 4.39 | 5.64E-23 | |
| cytoskeletal protein binding | 10.09 | 9.23E-17 | |
| RNA binding | 10.00 | 8.07E-16 | |
| enzyme binding | 6.92 | 1.94E-15 | |
| heterocyclic compound binding | 5.07 | 2.09E-12 | |
| nucleic acid binding | 5.70 | 5.80E-12 | |
| protein domain specific binding | 9.63 | 6.60E-12 | |
| organic cyclic compound binding | 5.00 | 8.06E-12 | |
| kinase binding | 9.44 | 7.03E-11 |
全蛋白质组显著调节的激酶相关蛋白质
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up-regulated protein; up-regulated phosphorylation sites; down-regulated protein; down-regulated phosphorylation sites.
Normal font: proteins associated with significantly regulated kinases revealed by proteome analysis; bold font: proteins associated with significantly regulated kinases revealed by phosphoproteome analysis; italic bold font: fold change of phosphorylation sites on corresponding proteins. N/A: no significant differences.