| Literature DB >> 34227343 |
Wen Zhou1,2, Kaiguang Yang1, Baofeng Zhao1, Lihua Zhang1, Yukui Zhang1.
Abstract
Nanocarriers are nanoscale delivery systems composed of natural or synthetic polymers, which are advantageous in reducing drug toxicity while improving drug targeting and utilization. With the advancement of biomedical technology, it is revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of oxidative metabolites, show abnormal overexpression in disease-related parts of the body. Hence, ROS stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have gained increasing attention, and recent developments are expected to realize controllable drug release. Based on linkers with different ROS-responsive mechanisms, a series of ROS-responsive nanocarriers have been designed to achieve specific controlled drug release under the stimulation of the ROS at the disease site. This article mainly focuses on ROS-responsive linkers, which have been commonly used for the synthesis of nanocarriers in recent years. Accordingly, the linkers are classified as chalcogen-containing responsive linkers (thioether, thioketal, selenide, diselenide, and telluride) and responsive linkers containing other elements (arylboronic ester, ferrocene, and peroxalate ester). ROS stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are fabricated by introducing ROS-responsive linkers in different design principles. Owing to the ROS-responsive linkers, the nanocarriers follow different responsive mechanisms, including hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic phase transition and cleavage. This article discusses the degree of responsiveness of nanocarri-ers and the specific release of drugs from nanocarriers upon ROS-stimuli, as well as their applications in vivo. In particular, on the basis of intelligent drug release and precision medicine, this article also emphasizes the importance of the biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanocarriers.Entities:
Keywords: nanocarriers; nanoparticles (NPs); reactive oxygen species (ROS); stimuli-responsive
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227343 PMCID: PMC9274852 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.11014
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
ROS响应基团的机理
| Element | ROS-responsive linker | ROS-responsive mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Chalcogen | thioether |
|
| thioketal |
| |
| selenide |
| |
| diselenide |
| |
| telluride |
| |
| Others | arylboronic ester |
|
| ferrocene |
| |
| peroxalate ester |
|
ROS刺激响应纳米载体的性能比较
| ROS- | Responsive | Nanocarriers | Diameter/ | Drug | ROS-responsive | Cell type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thioether | hydrophobic/ | MSNs-PhS (1∶20) | 319 | Rhodamine 6G/ | +++ | MCF-7 | [ |
| Thioketal | cleavage | RGD-PEG-TK-PLGA | 115 | doxorubicin/α-TOS | ++++ | Cal27 | [ |
| PPID | 198 | IR780/doxorubicin | +++ | Hep1-6 | [ | ||
| DT-PNs | 55 | camptothecin | ++ | 4T1 | [ | ||
| Selenide | hydrophobic/ | PEG-PUSe-PEG | 71 | doxorubicin | ++ | / | [ |
| selenoxide | C6-C3SePEG2000 | 84 | / | / | / | [ | |
| Diselenide | cleavage | PEG-PUSeSe-PEG | 76 | Rhodamine B | ++++ | / | [ |
| VPSeP | 153 | berberine | ++ | HFLS-RA | [ | ||
| MSN2 | 50 | Ribonuclease A | ++++ | HeLa | [ | ||
| Telluride | hydrophobic/ | PEG-PUTe-PEG | 35 | / | / | / | [ |
| Arylboronic | cleavage | Oxi-DEX | 100 | ovalbumin | / | DC 2.4 | [ |
| ester | Polymer 2 | 136 | Nile Red/fluorescein | +++ | Neutrophils | [ | |
| Gd-N8 | 490 | paclitaxel/doxorubicin | ++++ | Hela | [ | ||
| Ferrocene | hydrophobic/ | FNP (C2) | 190 | Nile red | + | / | [ |
| Peroxalate ester | cleavage | PPO | 220.4±1.8 | ovalbumin | +++ | BMDC | [ |
MSNs-PhS: mesoporous silica nanocarriers modified with phenyl sulfide groups; RGD-PEG-TK-PLGA: arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequences containing peptides-polyethylene glycol-thioketal-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PPID: a propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate-coating nanoparticle composed of poly(β-amino ester), IR780 and doxorubicin; DT-PNs: cancer cell and mitochondria dual-targeting polyprodrug nanoreactors; PEG-PUSe-PEG: an amphiphilic block copolymer with a hydrophobic selenide-containing polyurethane blocks and two hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) blocks; C6-C3Se-PEG2000: an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of bis (6-hydroxyhexyl) 3,3'-selenodipropanoate, 2,4-toluenediisocyanate and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether; PEG-PUSeSe-PEG: an amphiphilic block copolymer with a hydrophobic diselenide-containing polyurethane blocks and two hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) blocks; VPSeP: vitamin E succinate-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-selenocystamine dihydrochloride-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) co-polymers; MSN2: a cancer cell membrane-coating mesoporous silica nanoparticles composed of diselenide-bond-containing organosilica moieties; PEG-PUTe-PEG: an amphiphilic block copolymer with a hydrophobic telluride-containing polyurethane blocks and two hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) blocks; Oxi-DEX: oxidation-sensitive dextran carrier microparticles; Polymer 2: a polymer with an ether linkage between the boronic ester group and the polymeric backbone; Gd-N8: a MR imaging contrast agent-conjugating block polymer composed of monomer NBMA and Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether; FNP(C2): a ferrocene-containing polymers with ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid monomers(0.4:2, molar ratios); PPO: a Poly(ethylene imine)-containing polymer with a peroxalate ester bond between poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol); IR780: 2-[2-[2-chloro-3-[(1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-propyl-2h-indol-2-ylidene) ethylidene]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]ethenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-propylindolium iodide; /: no information. The amount of “+” quantifies the ROS-responsive release of nanocarriers.