| Literature DB >> 34227325 |
Xia Xu1, Ting Li1, Jinru Jia1, Huiting Tang1, Jun Li1, Yunfang Zhao1, Yuelin Song1.
Abstract
Ligustici Radix (Chinese name: maoqianhu) consists of the dried roots of Ligusticum brachylobum Franch., which is mainly distributed in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. This herbal medicine has been primarily used for the treatment of cough in traditional Chinese medicine. Ligustici Radix is rich in coumarin derivatives. Interestingly, enantiomers and diastereomers are widely used for these coumarins, thus posing a great challenge for in-depth chemical profile characterization. In the present study, a new analytical platform, achiral-chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (achiral-chiral LC-MS/MS) was configured to profile the chemical composition of Ligustici Radix. Because achiral and chiral columns were serially coupled, especially enantiomers, both chemically and enantiomerically selective separations could be accomplished simultaneously. The newly configured achiral-chiral LC-MS/MS platform did not require any electronic valve; hence, it could overcome the drawbacks of heart-cutting achiral-chiral two-dimensional LC, i. e., sophisticated instrumentation and limited reproducibility due to the use of electronic valve(s) and the undesired retention time shift across different analytical runs. Some available candidates for chemically selective or enantiomerically selective separation were assayed; then, Capcell core RP-C18 column that was packed with core-shell type particles, and AD-RH column embedding amylose coated particles were employed the achiral and the chiral columns, respectively. The narrow-bore core-shell RP-C18 column served as the front tool to achieve efficient chemoselective separation of coumarin analogs, and enantioselective enantiomers were obtained by using a wide-bore AD-RH chiral column. The predictive multiple reaction monitoring (predictive MRM) mode allowed for the sensitive detection of potential components, and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan, which was a unique function of Qtrap-MS, was programmed to record the MS2 spectra for all captured signals and thus aid structural annotation. Online energy-resolved mass spectrometry (online ER-MS) was introduced to pursue the suitable collision energy for each compound; in particular, inferior collision energy instead of the optimal one was utilized to suppress the response of the primary components such as praeruptorin A, B and pteryxin. The criteria to judge enantiomers or not included identical quantitative and qualitative precursor-to-product ion transitions, identical quantitative versus qualitative responses, and longer retention times from achiral-chiral LC over single-column achiral LC. As a result, a total of sixty components were observed and structurally identified. In particular, enantiomerically selective separations were achieved for eight enantiomers, cis-khellactone (CKL), qianhucoumarin G (QC-G), pteryxin (Pte), praeruptorin A (PA), cis-3'-isovaleryl-4'-acetylkhellactone (IAK), praeruptorin B (PB), praeruptorin E (PE), and cis-3',4'-diisovalerylkhellactone (DIK). Notably, none of the enantiomers were present as racemates; instead, the proportion of one enantiomer in each pair was greater than the other. Achiral-chiral LC-predictive MRM is a feasible choice for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of Ligustici Radix as well as other herbal medicines characterized by enantiomers and diastereomers.Entities:
Keywords: Ligustici Radix; achiral-chiral liquid chromatography (achiral-chiral LC); angular-type pyranocoumarins (APs); enantioseparation; predictive multiple reaction monitoring (predictive MRM)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227325 PMCID: PMC9404100 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.08024
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图 1非手性-手性液相色谱-串联质谱系统构建示意图
中药毛前胡化学成分在非手性-手性色谱-预测多反应监测系统上的质谱信息
| No. | tR/ | Molecular | Fragment ions (m/z) | Precursor | Product | Putative identity | DP/ | CE/ | Chemical | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.92 | C5H9NO4 | 129.60; 106.32; 84.04 | 148.06 | 84.04 | glutamic acid | 25 | 23 | AA | [ |
| 2 | 3.00 | C10H13N5O5 | 152.06 | 284.09 | 152.06 | guanosine | 50 | 25 | AA | [ |
| 3 | 3.15 | C6H13NO2 | 113.08; 86.08 | 132.10 | 86.08 | isoleucine | 50 | 18 | AA | [ |
| 4 | 3.25 | C6H13NO2 | 113.08; 86.08 | 132.10 | 86.08 | leucine | 40 | 30 | AA | [ |
| 5 | 5.09 | C15H16O8 | 163.04; 53.78 | 325.09 | 163.04 | skimmin | 80 | 25 | SC | [ |
| 6 | 12.61 | C14H14O5 | 245.08; 227.07; 191.03 | 263.09 | 245.08 | trans-khellactone (TKL) | 80 | 24 | AP | [ |
| 7 | 13.89 | C14H14O5 | 245.08; 191.04* | 263.09 | 245.08 | (3'S)-cis-khellactone (D-CKL) | 80 | 27 | AP | [ |
| 8 | 14.16 | C14H14O5 | 245.08; 191.04* | 263.09 | 245.08 | (3'R)-cis-khellactone (L-CKL) | 80 | 27 | AP | [ |
| 9 | 15.84 | C20H24O9 | 247.09; 229.08; 175.04 | 409.15 | 247.09 | nodakenin | 80 | 23 | LF | [ |
| 10 | 19.50 | C14H14O5 | 245.16*; 227.04; 203.06; | 263.09 | 203.06 | (D/L)-qianhucoumarin G (QC-G) | 80 | 20 | LF | [ |
| 11 | 19.70 | C14H14O5 | 245.16*; 227.04; 203.06; | 263.09 | 203.06 | (D/L)-qianhucoumarin G | 80 | 20 | LF | [ |
| 12 | 22.31 | C13H10O5 | 189.03 | 264.08 | 189.03 | isopimpinellin | 80 | 25 | LF | [ |
| 13 | 23.91 | C21H24O9 | 361.13; 245.08 | 438.17 | 245.08 | 3'-(hydroxyl-isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 14 | 24.20 | C21H24O9 | 361.14; 245.08; 187.03 | 438.17 | 245.08 | 3'-(hydroxyl-isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)-4'-hydroxyl-acetylkhellactone | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 15 | 24.22 | C16H16O6 | 287.10; 245.08 | 305.10 | 245.08 | qianhucoumarin B | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 16 | 24.86 | C21H24O9 | 361.14; 245.08; 187.03 | 438.17 | 245.08 | 3'-(hydroxyl-isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)-4'-hydroxyl-acetylkhellactone | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 17 | 25.73 | C12H8O4 | 202.03; 174.06 | 217.04 | 202.03 | bergapten or methoxsalen | 80 | 20 | LF | [ |
| 18 | 27.17 | C21H22O8 | 343.12; 245.08 | 420.16 | 343.12 | 3'-(hydroxyl-tigloyl/senecioyl/angeloyl)- | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 19 | 27.57 | C21H22O8 | 343.11; 287.09; 245.08 | 420.16 | 343.11 | 3'-(hydroxyl-tigloyl/angeloyl/senecioyl)- | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 20 | 29.29 | C16H14O5 | 245.08; 217.08; 175.04 | 287.09 | 245.08 | 3'-acetyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin or 4'- | 80 | 35 | AP | [ |
| 21 | 29.31 | C18H18O7 | 287.09; 245.08; 227.07 | 369.09 | 245.08 | qianhucoumarin D | 80 | 32 | AP | [ |
| 22 | 29.85 | C12H8O4 | 202.03; 174.06; 165.72 | 217.04 | 202.03 | bergapten or methoxsalen | 80 | 20 | LF | [ |
| 23 | 30.70 | C22H26O7 | 329.14; 315.12; 245.08; | 420.20 | 343.12 | 3'-(hydroxyl-tigloyl/angeloyl/senecioyl)- | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 24 | 31.00 | C22H26O7 | 329.14; 315.12; 245.08; | 420.20 | 343.12 | 3'-(hydroxyl-tigloyl/angeloyl/senecioyl)- | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 25 | 31.40 | C22H26O7 | 329.14; 315.12; 245.08; | 420.20 | 329.14 | 3'-(isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)-4'-propi- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 26 | 32.15 | C19H20O7 | 287.09; 245.08 | 378.15 | 245.08 | 3'-acetyl-4'-propionylkhellactone | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 27 | 32.34 | C19H20O7 | 287.09; 245.08 | 378.15 | 245.08 | 3'-acetyl-4'-propionylkhellactone isomer | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 28 | 33.52 | C19H20O6 | 245.08; 217.07; 205.04; | 345.13 | 245.08 | Pd-C-I | 80 | 30 | LP | [ |
| 29 | 35.18 | C20H22O7 | 287.09; 245.08 | 392.17 | 245.08 | bocconin | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 30 | 35.61 | C19H20O6 | 345.13; 245.08; 261.05 | 362.15 | 261.05 | 3'-(isovaleryloxy/2-methylbutyroyloxy)- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 31 | 35.64 | C20H22O7 | 287.09; 245.08 | 392.17 | 245.08 | isobocconin | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 32 | 36.19 | C19H20O6 | 345.13; 261.06; 245.08 | 362.15 | 261.06 | 3'-(isovaleryloxy/2-methylbutyroyloxy)- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 33 | 36.27 | C11H6O4 | 175.04; 147.05 | 203.03 | 147.05 | xanthotoxol | 80 | 40 | LF | [ |
| 34 | 36.45 | C16H14O4 | 203.03; 175.04; 159.03; | 271.09 | 203.03 | imperatorin | 80 | 18 | LF | [ |
| 35 | 37.69 | C21H22O7 | 327.12; 287.09; 245.08; | 409.12 | 245.08 | (3'S)-pteryxin (D-Pte) | 80 | 20 | AP | [ |
| 36 | 37.71 | C16H14O5 | 245.08; 217.09; 175.04 | 287.09 | 245.08 | 4'-acetyl-khellactone | 80 | 32 | AP | [ |
| 37 | 38.04 | C21H22O7 | 327.12; 287.09; 245.08*; | 409.12 | 227.07 | (3'S)-praeruptorin A (D-PA) | 80 | 19 | AP | [3,22] |
| 38 | 38.12 | C24H28O7 | 349.10; 327.12; 251.06; | 451.17 | 245.08 | 3'-(isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)-4'-(tigloyl/ | 80 | 34 | AP | [ |
| 39 | 38.50 | C17H16O5 | 283.08; 233.04; 218.05; | 301.10 | 233.04 | cnidilin | 80 | 37 | LF | [ |
| 40 | 38.94 | C16H14O5 | 245.08; 175.04 | 287.09 | 245.08 | 3'-acety-4'-dehydro-decusinol | 80 | 32 | LP | - |
| 41 | 39.01 | C23H28O7 | 351.12; 245.08; 227.07 | 434.21 | 245.08 | 3'-(2-isobutyroyl)-4'-(isovaleryl/2-meth- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 42 | 39.03 | C21H24O7 | 329.13*; 287.09; 245.08 | 406.18 | 245.08 | (3'S)-3'-isovaleryl-4'-acetylkhellactone | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 43 | 39.49 | C21H22O7 | 327.12; 287.09; 245.07; | 409.12 | 245.08 | (3'R)-pteryxin (L-Pte) | 80 | 20 | AP | [ |
| 44 | 39.58 | C21H22O7 | 327.12; 287.09; 245.08*; | 409.12 | 227.07 | (3'R)-praeruptorin A (L-PA) | 80 | 19 | AP | [ |
| 45 | 41.42 | C16H14O4 | 203.05; 175.04; 159.03; | 271.06 | 203.05 | isoimperatorin | 80 | 18 | LF | [ |
| 46 | 41.60 | C21H24O7 | 329.13*; 287.09; 245.08 | 406.18 | 245.08 | (3'R)-3'-isovaleryl-4'-acetylkhellactone | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 47 | 45.84 | C23H26O7 | 315.12; 245.08 | 432.20 | 315.12 | 3'-(2-isobutyroyl)-4'-(tigloyl/senecioyl/angeloyl)-khellactone | 80 | 15 | AP | [ |
| 48 | 46.05 | C23H26O7 | 327.13; 315.12; 227.09 | 432.20 | 227.09 | 3'-(2-isobutyroyl)-4'-(tigloyl/senecioyl/ | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 49 | 47.41 | C24H26O7 | 327.12; 227.07 | 444.20 | 327.12 | 3'-(tigloyl/senecioyl/angeloyl)-4'-(tigloyl/ | 80 | 25 | AP | [3,4 |
| 50 | 48.16 | C24H26O7 | 327.12; 245.08; 217.08; | 444.20 | 327.12 | 3'-(tigloyl/senecioyl/angeloyl)-4'-(tigloyl/ | 80 | 26 | AP | [ |
| 51 | 48.90 | C23H28O7 | 351.13; 245.08; 227.07 | 434.21 | 245.08 | 3'-(2-isobutyroyl)-4'-(isovaleryl/2-meth- | 80 | 30 | AP | [ |
| 52 | 49.65 | C24H26O7 | 349.11; 327.12; 245.08*; | 444.20 | 327.12 | (3'S)-praeruptorin B(D-PB) | 80 | 36 | AP | [ |
| 53 | 50.28 | C24H28O7 | 329.14; 327.12; 227.06; | 451.17 | 245.08 | 3'-(isovaleryl/2-methylbutyroyl)-4'-(tigloyl/ | 80 | 34 | AP | [ |
| 54 | 50.50 | C24H26O7 | 349.11; 327.12; 245.08*; | 444.20 | 327.12 | (3'R)-praeruptorin B (L-PB) | 80 | 36 | AP | [ |
| 55 | 51.61 | C24H28O7 | 349.11; 327.11; 251.06; | 451.17 | 245.08 | (3'S)-praeruptorin E (D-PE) | 80 | 35 | AP | [ |
| 56 | 54.31 | C24H28O7 | 349.11; 327.11; 251.06; | 451.17 | 245.08 | (3'R)-praeruptorin E (L-PE) | 80 | 35 | AP | [ |
| 57 | 55.08 | C24H30O7 | 329.13; 245.08*; 227.06 | 448.23 | 227.06 | (3'S)-3',4'-diisovalerylkhellactone | 80 | 55 | AP | [ |
| 58 | 56.49 | C24H30O7 | 329.13; 245.08*; 227.06 | 448.23 | 227.06 | (3'R)-3',4'-diisovalerylkhellactone | 80 | 55 | AP | [ |
| 59 | 63.18 | C24H30O7 | 329.13; 245.08; 227.06 | 448.23 | 227.06 | 3',4'-diisovalerylkhellactone isomer | 80 | 55 | AP | |
| 60 | 64.75 | C24H26O7 | 327.12; 245.08; 217.08; | 444.20 | 327.12 | 3'-(tigloyl/senecioyl/angeloyl)-4'-(tigloyl/ | 80 | 36 | AP | [ |
DP: declustering potential; CE: collision energy; * quantifier ion; Pd-C-I: peucedanum decursivum coumarin Ⅰ; AA: amino acid; SC: simple coumarin; AP: angular-type pyranocoumarin; LF: linear-type furocoumarin; LP: linear-type pyranocoumarin; -: new compound.
图 2采用(a)非手性色谱-串联质谱和(b)非手性-手性色谱-串联质谱时毛前胡的选择离子流色谱图
图 3顺式-北美芹素的(a)叠加选择离子流色谱图和(b)二级质谱图
图 4白花前胡甲素的(a)质谱图和(b)可能的裂解途径
图 5紫花前胡苷的(a)质谱图和(b)可能的裂解途径