| Literature DB >> 34227320 |
Xue Li1, Zhifeng Yan2, Longzhu Li1, Tao Ma1, Yang Chen1,2.
Abstract
Panax ginseng has a 5000-year-long history as a traditional herbal medicine in Eastern Asia and North America. It is also known as crown jewel in traditional Chinese herbs because of its wide pharmacological properties. Ginsenosides, a class of saponins containing triterpene aglycones and various sugar moieties, are the main active components of ginseng. Considering the low abundance of ginsenosides and other abundant interferences, separation of ginsenosides is essential prior to further analysis. Recently, our group demonstrated the potential of a boronate affinity material for the selective enrichment of ginsenosides. However, conventional boronate affinity materials suffer from an apparent drawback. The binding strength of boronic acids toward cis-diol-containing compounds is low, with dissociation constants (Kd) ranging from 10-1 to 10-3mol/L. Thus, it is necessary to develop boronate affinity materials with high binding strength. In this study, we developed polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized boronate affinity magnetic nanoparticles (BA-MNPs) for the selective enrichment of ginsenosides. Branched PEI was applied as a scaffold to amplify the number of boronic acid moieties, while 3-formylphenylboronic acid, which shows high affinity toward cis-diol-containing molecules, was used as the affinity ligand. In addition, the presence of the multi-glycan structure of ginsenoside leads to higher binding affinity between the PEI-BA-MNPs due to the synergistic multivalent binding effect. Combining with high performance liquid chromatography, a method for the selective analysis of ginsenosides was established. With ginsenoside Re as the representative and under the optimized conditions for magnetic solid-phase extraction, the developed method showed good linearity in the range of 50-800 μg/L, with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9681. At different spiked levels (0.1-10 mg/L), the recoveries were in the range of 91.5%-117.3%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 7.2% to 13.4%. Since the PEI-BA-MNPs exhibited significantly improved binding strength toward ginsenosides, they could extract trace glycoproteins. After enrichment, a 50-fold improvement in the sensitivity was achieved. In addition, the PEI-BA-MNPs maintained at least 72% of their original binding capacity after five consecutive uses. Finally, the developed method was applied to the determination of ginsenoside Re in commercial medicine (Qipi oral liquid). As opposed to the tedious and time-consuming sample preparation in the standard method (Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, 2015; ChP2015), the present protocol allowed for direct enrichment of the diluted commercial medicine with PEI-BA-MNPs. The magnetic separation made the overall experiment much simpler than the standard ChP2015 method. After washing and elution, the enriched ginsenoside Re was eluted and subjected to HPLC-UV analysis. The results obtained with the developed method (0.27%) were similar to those of ChP2015 (0.31%). We have experimentally demonstrated that PEI-BA-MNPs are ideal affinity sorbents for the selective enrichment of ginsenosides owing to their significant advantages, including high affinity, excellent selectivity, easy manipulation, high binding capacity, and fast binding equilibrium. As many saponins contain sugar side chains, we foresee a promising prospect for the proposed method in real-world applications.Entities:
Keywords: boronate affinity; ginsenosides; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); magnetic nanoparticles; polyethyleneimine
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227320 PMCID: PMC9404113 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.11005
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图 1支链聚乙烯亚胺修饰的硼亲和磁性纳米粒子(PEI-BA-MNPs)与人参皂苷Re结合示意图
图 2PEI-BA-MNPs的(a)透射电子显微镜照片、(b)磁分离照片和(c)PEI-BA-MNPs结合腺苷、脱氧腺苷的能力考察(n=3)
图 3(a)吸附时间和(b)解吸时间对PEI-BA-MNPs结合人参皂苷Re(1 g/L)容量的影响(n=3)
图 4(a) BA-MNPs与PEI-BA-MNPs对人参皂苷Re 的等温吸附线及(b)PEI-BA-MNPs对人参皂苷Re吸附的Scatchard分析(n=3)
图 5竞争物质对已结合人参皂苷Re和Rb1的PEI-BA-MNPs结合容量的影响(n=3)
图 6PEI-BA-MNPs重复使用次数与其结合容量的关系(n=3)
样品中人参皂苷Re的加标回收率及精密度(n=6)
| Spiked level/ | Ginsenoside Re | |
|---|---|---|
| Recovery/% | RSD/% | |
| 0.1 | 117.3 | 13.4 |
| 1 | 91.5 | 7.2 |
| 10 | 93.7 | 10.9 |
图 7不同浓度人参皂苷Re采用不同预处理方法在仪器中的信噪比对比
图 8启脾口服液经由PEI-BA-MNPs富集前后的高效液相色谱图