| Literature DB >> 34227305 |
Ziling Li1, Na Li1, Tengwen Zhao1, Ziyang Zhang1, Manman Wang1.
Abstract
Polymeric monolithic columns are fabricated by in situ polymerization of the corresponding monomer, crosslinkers, porogenic solvents and radical initiators within a mold. Compared with the conventional packed solid phase extraction adsorbents, polymeric monolithic columns with a continuous porous structure process distinctive advantages of rapid mass transfer and excellent permeability, which facilitates the extraction of trace amounts of the target from the matrix even at high flow velocities. Besides, these materials can be easily fabricated in situ within various cartridges, avoiding a further packing step associated with packed particulate adsorbents. Additionally, the abundant monomer availability, flexible porous structure, and wide applicable pH range make monoliths versatile for use in separation science. Thus, polymeric monolithic columns have been increasingly applied as efficient and promising extraction media for sample pretreatment food, pharmaceutical, biological and environmental analyses. However, these materials usually have the difficulty in morphology control and their interconnected porous micro-globular structure, which may result in low porosity, limited specific surface area and poor efficiency. In addition, polymeric monoliths suffer from the swelling in organic solvents, thus decreasing the service life and precision while increasing the cost consumption. Recently, the development of nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths with an improved ordered structure, enhanced adsorption efficiency and outstanding selectivity has attracted considerable attention. Nanoparticles are considered as particulates within the size range of 1-100 nm in at least one dimension, which endows them with unique optical, electrical and magnetic properties. These materials have a large surface area, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, remarkable versatility, as well as a wide variety of active functional groups on their surface. With the aim of exploiting these advantages, researchers have shown great interest in applying nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths to separation science. Accordingly, significant progress has been achieved in this field. Nanomaterials can be entrapped via the direct synthesis of a polymerization solution that contains well dispersed nanomaterials in porogens. In addition, nanoparticles can be incorporated into the monolithic matrix by copolymerization and post-polymerization modification via specific interactions. Therefore, nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths combined the different shapes, chemical properties, and physical properties of the polymers with those of the nanoparticles. The presence of nanoparticles can improve the structural rigidity as well as the thermal and chemical stabilities of monolithic adsorbents. Besides, nanoparticles are capable of increasing the specific surface area and providing multiple active sites, which leads to enhanced extraction performance and selectivity of polymeric monolithic materials. In recent years, diverse types of nanomaterials, such as carbonaceous nanoparticles, metallic materials and metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively explored as hybrid adsorbents in the modes of solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorption extraction and on-line solid phase extraction. This review specifically summarizes the fabrication methods for nanomaterial incorporated polymeric monoliths and their application to the field of sample pretreatment. The existing challenges and future possible perspectives in the field are also discussed.Entities:
Keywords: nanomaterials; polymeric monolithic columns; review; sample pretreatment
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227305 PMCID: PMC9403804 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.05030
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图1纳米材料掺杂聚合物整体柱的示意图
图2聚(Au-GMA-co-EDMA)整体柱SPE前处理尿液和唾液中谷胱甘肽的流程图
图3聚(COF-GMA-EDMA)整体柱的制备示意图
图4聚(GO-EDMA)整体柱的制备示意图
图5聚(GMA-co-EDMA)整体柱表面分别修饰(a)氨基、(b)半胱胺和(c)胱胺后与金纳米粒子结合的示意图[
图6(a)聚(GO-EDMA)整体柱的构筑和(b)聚(GO-EDMA) 整体柱SPE前处理尿液中羟基多环芳烃流程图[
纳米材料掺杂的聚合物整体柱的制备和应用
| Comonomer | Nanomaterial | Initiation | Pretreatment | Sample | Analyte | Ref. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GMA/EDMA | MWCNT | UV/30 min | SPME | urine | antidepressants | 18 | |||||
| St/EDMA | MWCNT | 30 ℃/3 h | on-line SPE | medicinal plants | ursolic acid | 19 | |||||
| MAA/EDMA | MWCNT | AIBN/60 ℃/24 h | SPME | cosmetic and personal | parabens | 20 | |||||
| BzMA/EDMA | CNT | AIBN/70 ℃/20 h | SPE | water | polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- | 69 | |||||
| GMA/EDMA | carbon nanohorns | UV | SPE | urine | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 74 | |||||
| BMA/EDMA | G | AIBN/60 ℃/48 h | SPME | cosmetic | glucocorticoids | 23 | |||||
| Comonomer | Nanomaterial | Initiation | Pretreatment | Sample | Analyte | Ref. | |||||
| VP/EDMA | G | AIBN/70 ℃/12 h | SPME | water and rice | phenoxyacetic acid herbicides | 24 | |||||
| GMA/EDMA | GO | AIBN/60 ℃ | SPME | urine | sarcosine | 27 | |||||
| MAA/EDMA | GO | AIBN/65 ℃/24 h | SPME | environmental water | carbamate insecticides | 28 | |||||
| EDMA | GO | AIBN/60 ℃/30 h | on-line SPE | milk and chicken muscle | sulfonamides | 29 | |||||
| EDMA | GO | AIBN/65 ℃/25 h | SPE | urine | hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic | 70 | |||||
| C8/TEGDA | GO | 30 ℃/2.5 h | on-line SPE | edible oil | 83 | ||||||
| BMA/EDMA | AC | AIBN/microwave/900 W/5 min | SPME | drinking water | phthalate esters | 32 | |||||
| BMA/EDMA | AC | AIBN/microwave/900 W/5 min | SPME | fruit wine and cranberry | phenolic acid | 33 | |||||
| GMA-EDMA | AuNPs | UV/10 min | SPE | saliva and urine | glutathione | 35 | |||||
| GMA-EDMA | AuNPs | AIBN/60 ℃/24 h | SPME | blood plasma | glutathione | 62 | |||||
| UF | AgNPs | 70 ℃/10 min | SPME | french fries | monounsaturated fatty acid | 36 | |||||
| MAA-GMA/ | In2O3 | AIBN/60 ℃/20 h | SPME | food | synthetic colorants | 38 | |||||
| MAA/EDMA | ZnO | AIBN/60 ℃/24 h | SPME | environmental water | fluoroquinolone antibiotics | 39 | |||||
| NIPAAm/ | γ-Al2O3 | 65 ℃/16 h | PMME | red wine | sudan | 41 | |||||
| MAA/EDMA | γ-Al3O4 | AIBN/UV/3 h | SPME | chlorzoxazone tablets | 2-amino-4-chlorophenol | 58 | |||||
| BMA/EDMA | MIL-53 (Al) | AIBN/60 ℃/12 h | SPME | water and urine | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 45 | |||||
| NMA/EDMA | MOF-199 (Al) | 30 ℃/3.5 h | on-line SPE | Chinese herbal medicine | ursolic acid | 46 | |||||
| BMA/EDMA | MIL-101 (Cr) | AIBN/microwave/900 W/5 min | SPME | river water | penicillin | 47 | |||||
| St/DVB/MAA | MIL-53 (Al) | AIBN/70 ℃/24 h | on-line SPME | urine | estrogens | 59 | |||||
| GMA/EDMA | MIL-101 (Cr) | UV | SPME | urine | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory | 60 | |||||
| BMA-EDMA | MIL-53 (Al) | AIBN/microwave/ | SPME | river water and milk | penicillins | 75 | |||||
| MMA/EDMA | ZIF-8 | AIBN/60 ℃/24 h | SBSE | fruit | phytohormones | 78 | |||||
| VP/EDMA | UiO-66 (Zr) | AIBN/55-60 ℃/ | SBSE | water and soil | sulfonylurea herbicides | 79 | |||||
| GMA/EDMA | MIL-101 | AIBN/70 ℃/24 h | on-line SPE | environmental water | phenols | 82 | |||||
| GMA/EDMA | COF | AIBN/60 ℃/20 h | SPME | urine and serum | benzophenones | 50 | |||||
| St-divinyl/ | COF | 120 ℃/72 h | SPE | environmental water | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory | 51 | |||||
| UF | HAP | 70 ℃/2 h | SPE | grass carp | adenosine triphosphate and its | 57 | |||||
| EDMA | porous organic cage | AIBN/60 ℃/12 h | SPE | chenopodium quinoa willd | ecdysteroids | 71 | |||||
| TEGDA | nanodiamond | 30 ℃/2.5 h | on-line SPE | edible oil | 84 | ||||||
UV: ultraviolet; AIBN: alpha-azo-isobutyronitrile; AuNPs: gold nanoparticles; NMA: N-methylolacrylamide; UF: urea-formaldehyde; AgNPs: silver nanoparticles; NIPAAm: N-isopropylacrylamide; PMME: polymer monolith microextraction; MMA: methyl methacrylate.