Lu Gan1,2, Baosheng Huang1, Zhaojian Song1,3, Yachun Zhang1, Yujie Zhang1, Si Chen1, Liqi Tong1, Zhisong Wei1, Lingxiang Yu1, Xiangbo Luo1, Xianhua Zhang1,3, Detian Cai1,3, Yuchi He4,5. 1. State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China. 2. School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, China. 3. Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China. 4. State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China. hyc@hubu.edu.cn. 5. Wuhan Polyploid Biology Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China. hyc@hubu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rice is not only an essential food but also a source of high quality protein. Polyploidy is an evolutionary trajectory in plants, and enhancing glutelin by polyploidization is an attractive strategy for improving the nutritional value of rice seeds and presents a great potential for enhancing the commercial value of rice. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying glutelin synthesis and accumulation in tetraploid rice is of great significance. RESULTS: To enhance the nutritional value of rice, we developed tetraploid rice and evaluated the contents of various nutrient elements in mature seeds. The results revealed a significant increase in protein contents, including the total seed storage proteins, glutelins, and amino acids in tetraploid rice when compared with those in diploid rice. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analyses of seeds revealed that glutelins regulated by several glutelin genes in 9311-4x were significantly up-regulated (≥1.5-fold), which was further verified by immunoblot analyses. In addition, temporal expression patterns of various glutelin subunits in different rice lines were investigated. The results revealed significant differences in the expression patterns between diploid and tetraploid rice seeds. Cytohistological analyses results revealed that the thickness of aleurone cell layers increased significantly by 32% in tetraploid rice, the structures of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in sub-aleurone cells were more diverse and abundant than those of diploid rice. Temporal expression and proteomic analyses results revealed that protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 expression levels were higher in tetraploid rice than in diploid rice, and that the gene responded to oxidative folding with increased levels of proglutelin and appropriate distribution of seed glutelins in tetraploid rice. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that polyploidization increased glutelin content by influencing glutelin biosynthesis, transport, and deposition, while variations in glutelin accumulation between tetraploid and diploid rice were largely manifested in the initial time, duration, and relative levels of various glutelin gene expressions during seed filling stages. These findings provide novel insights into improving the protein quality and nutritional value of rice seeds by polyploid breeding.
BACKGROUND:Rice is not only an essential food but also a source of high quality protein. Polyploidy is an evolutionary trajectory in plants, and enhancing glutelin by polyploidization is an attractive strategy for improving the nutritional value of rice seeds and presents a great potential for enhancing the commercial value of rice. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying glutelin synthesis and accumulation in tetraploid rice is of great significance. RESULTS: To enhance the nutritional value of rice, we developed tetraploid rice and evaluated the contents of various nutrient elements in mature seeds. The results revealed a significant increase in protein contents, including the total seed storage proteins, glutelins, and amino acids in tetraploid rice when compared with those in diploid rice. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analyses of seeds revealed that glutelins regulated by several glutelin genes in 9311-4x were significantly up-regulated (≥1.5-fold), which was further verified by immunoblot analyses. In addition, temporal expression patterns of various glutelin subunits in different rice lines were investigated. The results revealed significant differences in the expression patterns between diploid and tetraploid rice seeds. Cytohistological analyses results revealed that the thickness of aleurone cell layers increased significantly by 32% in tetraploid rice, the structures of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in sub-aleurone cells were more diverse and abundant than those of diploid rice. Temporal expression and proteomic analyses results revealed that protein disulfide isomerase-like 1-1 expression levels were higher in tetraploid rice than in diploid rice, and that the gene responded to oxidative folding with increased levels of proglutelin and appropriate distribution of seed glutelins in tetraploid rice. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that polyploidization increased glutelin content by influencing glutelin biosynthesis, transport, and deposition, while variations in glutelin accumulation between tetraploid and diploid rice were largely manifested in the initial time, duration, and relative levels of various glutelin gene expressions during seed filling stages. These findings provide novel insights into improving the protein quality and nutritional value of rice seeds by polyploid breeding.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cytohistological analysis; Expression analysis; Glutelin; Polyploidization; Seed storage protein
Authors: Yuannian Jiao; Norman J Wickett; Saravanaraj Ayyampalayam; André S Chanderbali; Lena Landherr; Paula E Ralph; Lynn P Tomsho; Yi Hu; Haiying Liang; Pamela S Soltis; Douglas E Soltis; Sandra W Clifton; Scott E Schlarbaum; Stephan C Schuster; Hong Ma; Jim Leebens-Mack; Claude W dePamphilis Journal: Nature Date: 2011-04-10 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Yang Chen; Muhammad Qasim Shahid; Jinwen Wu; Ruilian Deng; Zhixiong Chen; Lan Wang; Guoqiang Liu; Hai Zhou; Xiangdong Liu Journal: Plants (Basel) Date: 2022-05-24