Antithrombotic Strategies in Invasively Managed Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes and Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Romania.

Introduction: Concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients complicates the decision-making process regarding short- and long-term antithrombotic strategies. Patient profiles and usage rates of different antithrombotic combinations in this patient subgroup in Romania are poorly described. Premises and objectives: To describe the characteristics of invasively managed NSTE-ACS patients with AF (either known or newly diagnosed) compared to patients with no oral anticoagulation (OAC) indications, and analyze the rates and factors that influence the different antithrombotic regimens at discharge in AF patients. Material and methods: The Romanian National NSTE-ACS Registry allows the enrollment of invasively managed NSTE-ACS patients admitted in 11 interventional centers. Patients with non-valvular AF and no other OAC indication were identified and compared with patients with no indication for OAC. The antithrombotic strategy at discharge was analyzed based on demographic, clinical, and invasive management characteristics. Outcomes:A total of 1418 patients were enrolled between 2016 and 2019 out of which, 175 AF subjects and 1159 patients with no OAC indication were included in the analysis. Subjects with AF were older (70 ± 8.3 vs 62.9 ± 10.4 years, p <0.001) and more likely to have a GRACE score >140 (aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58-3.31, p<0.001), a history of heart failure (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 2.14-4.41, p <0.001), dementia or Alzheimer disease (aOR 3.45, 95% CI 1.11-10.68, p 0.032), and non-fatal major cardiovascular (CV) events during admission (aOR 6.71, 95% CI 1.61-27.94, p 0.009). Globally, triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) was used in 52.5% of AF patients. 69% of PCI patients received TAT. One in four patients with AF did not receive OAC at discharge. Prior treatment with OAC was the strongest predictor for OAC usage at discharge (aOR 12.34, 95% CI 3.21-47.61, p<0.001).
Conclusion: More than one in 10 NSTE-ACS patients have a concomitant non-valvular AF diagnosis. These patients are significantly older and are more likely to have significant CV and non-CV disease. Triple antithrombotic therapy is the most used antithrombotic strategy, especially in the PCI subgroup. One in four NSTE-ACS AF patients do not receive OAC at discharge.