OBJECTIVE: Dietary indexes measure the adherence of individuals to as set of nutritional recommendations However, the health gains associated with adherence to various dietary indexes may vary. Our objective was to compare the magnitude of estimated avoided deaths by chronic diseases obtained by improving diet quality in the French population, measured by a variety of dietary indexes. DESIGN: Simulation study based on observational data. SETTING: Weighted data from a French population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: in participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, we computed dietary scores reflecting the adherence to various recommendations (Medi-Lite, HDI, mPNNS-GS, DQI, AHEI, FSA-NPS-DI). Quintiles of the food groups' consumption and dietary intakes were used as input in a simulation model (PRIME), yielding the number of delayed or avoided deaths in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, comparing between very high or very low nutritional quality of the diet and medium nutritional quality. RESULTS: A modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very low quality (i.e., from the middle quintile to the quintile with the lowest nutritional quality) was associated with an increased number of deaths ranging from 3,485 (95% uncertainty interval (CI): 4,002;2,987) for HDI and 3,379 (3,881;2,894) for FSAm-NPS DI to 838 (1,163;523) for Medi-Lite. Conversely, a modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very high quality was associated with a decrease in the number of deaths ranging from 1,995 (1,676;2,299) for PANDiet, 1,986 (1,565;2,361) for DQI-I, 1,931 (1,499;2,316) for FSAm-NPS DI and 858 (499;1,205) for HDI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide some insights as the potential impact of following various dietary guidelines to reduce mortality from nutrition-related diseases.
OBJECTIVE: Dietary indexes measure the adherence of individuals to as set of nutritional recommendations However, the health gains associated with adherence to various dietary indexes may vary. Our objective was to compare the magnitude of estimated avoided deaths by chronic diseases obtained by improving diet quality in the French population, measured by a variety of dietary indexes. DESIGN: Simulation study based on observational data. SETTING: Weighted data from a French population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: in participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, we computed dietary scores reflecting the adherence to various recommendations (Medi-Lite, HDI, mPNNS-GS, DQI, AHEI, FSA-NPS-DI). Quintiles of the food groups' consumption and dietary intakes were used as input in a simulation model (PRIME), yielding the number of delayed or avoided deaths in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, comparing between very high or very low nutritional quality of the diet and medium nutritional quality. RESULTS: A modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very low quality (i.e., from the middle quintile to the quintile with the lowest nutritional quality) was associated with an increased number of deaths ranging from 3,485 (95% uncertainty interval (CI): 4,002;2,987) for HDI and 3,379 (3,881;2,894) for FSAm-NPS DI to 838 (1,163;523) for Medi-Lite. Conversely, a modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very high quality was associated with a decrease in the number of deaths ranging from 1,995 (1,676;2,299) for PANDiet, 1,986 (1,565;2,361) for DQI-I, 1,931 (1,499;2,316) for FSAm-NPS DI and 858 (499;1,205) for HDI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide some insights as the potential impact of following various dietary guidelines to reduce mortality from nutrition-related diseases.
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Keywords:
dietary index; dietary pattern; dietary recommendations; mortality; non-communicable diseases; nutrient profile; public health impact; simulation study