INTRODUCTION: Theoretically, a cancer diagnosis has the potential to spur health behavior changes in physical activity, diet, substance use, medication adherence, and the like. The Teachable Moment heuristic is a parsimonious, transtheoretical framework for understanding the conditions under which behavior change might occur, with constructs that include affective, cognitive, and social factors. Application of the Teachable Moment to smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis might aid selection of predictors in observational studies and inform how to optimally design interventions to promote quit attempts and sustain abstinence, as many smoking cessation interventions for cancer survivors do not yield positive outcomes. AIMS AND METHODS: This scoping review of 47 studies that span nearly 20 years of literature examines the measurement of the Teachable Moment constructs and what empirical support they have in explaining cancer survivors' smoking behavior. RESULTS: From this review, it appears the construct of affective response is more widely explored than risk perceptions, social role, and self-concept. Strong, negative affective responses (e.g., anxiety, general distress) may be a powerful contributor to continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis. Risk perceptions may also play a role in smoking behavior, such that never and former smokers espouse stronger perceptions of smoking-related risks than current smokers. Finally, due to a paucity of studies, the role of cancer survivors' self-concept (e.g., identity as a "cancer survivor") and changes in their social role (e.g., employee, athlete) are unclear contributors to their smoking behavior. In summary, the Teachable Moment holds promise in its application to smoking cessation after a cancer diagnosis, though more direct research is needed. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review of the scientific literature is the first formal test of the extent to which cancer diagnosis has been explored as a "teachable moment" for smoking cessation, with results that provide insight into issues of measurement precision and breadth as well as empirical support of the "teachable moment" heuristic.
INTRODUCTION: Theoretically, a cancer diagnosis has the potential to spur health behavior changes in physical activity, diet, substance use, medication adherence, and the like. The Teachable Moment heuristic is a parsimonious, transtheoretical framework for understanding the conditions under which behavior change might occur, with constructs that include affective, cognitive, and social factors. Application of the Teachable Moment to smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis might aid selection of predictors in observational studies and inform how to optimally design interventions to promote quit attempts and sustain abstinence, as many smoking cessation interventions for cancer survivors do not yield positive outcomes. AIMS AND METHODS: This scoping review of 47 studies that span nearly 20 years of literature examines the measurement of the Teachable Moment constructs and what empirical support they have in explaining cancer survivors' smoking behavior. RESULTS: From this review, it appears the construct of affective response is more widely explored than risk perceptions, social role, and self-concept. Strong, negative affective responses (e.g., anxiety, general distress) may be a powerful contributor to continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis. Risk perceptions may also play a role in smoking behavior, such that never and former smokers espouse stronger perceptions of smoking-related risks than current smokers. Finally, due to a paucity of studies, the role of cancer survivors' self-concept (e.g., identity as a "cancer survivor") and changes in their social role (e.g., employee, athlete) are unclear contributors to their smoking behavior. In summary, the Teachable Moment holds promise in its application to smoking cessation after a cancer diagnosis, though more direct research is needed. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review of the scientific literature is the first formal test of the extent to which cancer diagnosis has been explored as a "teachable moment" for smoking cessation, with results that provide insight into issues of measurement precision and breadth as well as empirical support of the "teachable moment" heuristic.
Authors: Robert A Schnoll; Calvin James; Michael Malstrom; Randi L Rothman; Hao Wang; James Babb; Suzanne M Miller; John A Ridge; Benjamin Movsas; Corey Langer; Michael Unger; Melvyn Goldberg Journal: Ann Behav Med Date: 2003
Authors: Melissa A Little; Robert C Klesges; Zoran Bursac; Jennifer P Halbert; Jon Ebbert; Gerald W Talcott; Benny Weksler Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2018-10-20 Impact factor: 4.442
Authors: Heather L Colquhoun; Danielle Levac; Kelly K O'Brien; Sharon Straus; Andrea C Tricco; Laure Perrier; Monika Kastner; David Moher Journal: J Clin Epidemiol Date: 2014-07-14 Impact factor: 6.437
Authors: Suzanne K Chambers; Xingqiong Meng; Pip Youl; Joanne Aitken; Jeff Dunn; Peter Baade Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2011-12-27 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: Michelle B Riba; Kristine A Donovan; Barbara Andersen; IIana Braun; William S Breitbart; Benjamin W Brewer; Luke O Buchmann; Matthew M Clark; Molly Collins; Cheyenne Corbett; Stewart Fleishman; Sofia Garcia; Donna B Greenberg; Rev George F Handzo; Laura Hoofring; Chao-Hui Huang; Robin Lally; Sara Martin; Lisa McGuffey; William Mitchell; Laura J Morrison; Megan Pailler; Oxana Palesh; Francine Parnes; Janice P Pazar; Laurel Ralston; Jaroslava Salman; Moreen M Shannon-Dudley; Alan D Valentine; Nicole R McMillian; Susan D Darlow Journal: J Natl Compr Canc Netw Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 11.908
Authors: Timothy J Williamson; Alyssa K Choi; Julie C Kim; Edward B Garon; Jenessa R Shapiro; Michael R Irwin; Jonathan W Goldman; Krikor Bornyazan; James M Carroll; Annette L Stanton Journal: J Thorac Oncol Date: 2018-07-05 Impact factor: 15.609
Authors: M Shayne Gallaway; Rebecca Glover-Kudon; Behnoosh Momin; Mary Puckett; Natasha Buchanan Lunsford; Kathleen R Ragan; Elizabeth A Rohan; Stephen Babb Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2019-01-05 Impact factor: 4.442