Shannon L Cartwright1, Marnie McKechnie2, Julie Schmied2, Alexandra M Livernois2,3, Bonnie A Mallard2,3. 1. Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. cartwris@uoguelph.ca. 2. Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. 3. Centre of Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation. RESULTS: Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders.
BACKGROUND: The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation. RESULTS: Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cell proliferation; Dairy cattle; Heat shock protein 70 concentration; Heat stress; Immune response; Nitric oxide production