Shoko Kure1, Shinya Iida2, Marina Yamada3, Hiroyuki Takei4, Naoyuki Yamashita5, Yuji Sato6, Masao Miyashita7,8. 1. Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan. 2. Department of Breast Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba 270-1694, Japan. 3. Faculty of Medical Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan. 4. Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. 5. Department of Surgery, Jizankai Medical Foundation Tsuboi Cancer Center Hospital, Fukushima 963-0197, Japan. 6. St. Sugar Canine Cancer Detection Training Center, Chiba 294-0226, Japan. 7. Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan. 8. Twin Peaks Laboratory of Medicine (TPLM), Yamagata 999-4331, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dogs can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. This study aims to assess whether the urine sample can be used for breast cancer screening by its fingerprints of volatile organic compounds using a single trained sniffer dog. This is a preliminary study for developing the "electronic nose" for cancer screening. METHODS: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Total of 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. RESULTS: In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although the methodological standardization is still an issue to be discussed, the current result warrants further study for developing a new breast cancer screening method based on volatile organic compounds in urine samples.
BACKGROUND:Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dogs can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. This study aims to assess whether the urine sample can be used for breast cancer screening by its fingerprints of volatile organic compounds using a single trained sniffer dog. This is a preliminary study for developing the "electronic nose" for cancer screening. METHODS: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancerpatients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Total of 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. RESULTS: In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancerpatients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancerpatients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although the methodological standardization is still an issue to be discussed, the current result warrants further study for developing a new breast cancer screening method based on volatile organic compounds in urine samples.
Entities:
Keywords:
breast cancer; canine cancer detection; diagnosis; dogs; urine sample
Authors: Agustín Ortal; Aida Rodríguez; María Pilar Solis-Hernández; Miguel de Prado; Verónica Rey; Juan Tornín; Óscar Estupiñán; Borja Gallego; Dzohara Murillo; Carmen Huergo; Juan Luis García-Llano; Serafín Costilla; René Rodríguez Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-04-28 Impact factor: 4.996