G J Dekkema1, A Rutgers1, J S Sanders2, C A Stegeman2, P Heeringa3. 1. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 2. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. p.heeringa@umcg.nl.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The onset and progression of small vessel vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies has been linked to microbial infections. Here, we provide a brief overview of the association of nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and discuss several recent studies mapping the nasal microbiome in AAV patients in particular. RECENT FINDINGS: Nasal microbiome studies revealed dysbiosis as a common trait in active AAV which tends to normalize upon immunosuppressive treatment and quiescent disease. However, due to differences in study design, patient selection, and methodology, the reported microbiome profiles differ considerably precluding conclusions on causal relationships. The microbiome is an emerging area of research in AAV warranting further investigation. Ideally, such studies should be combined with mechanistic studies to unravel key elements related to host-microbe interactions and their relevance for AAV pathogenesis.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The onset and progression of small vessel vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies has been linked to microbial infections. Here, we provide a brief overview of the association of nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and discuss several recent studies mapping the nasal microbiome in AAVpatients in particular. RECENT FINDINGS: Nasal microbiome studies revealed dysbiosis as a common trait in active AAV which tends to normalize upon immunosuppressive treatment and quiescent disease. However, due to differences in study design, patient selection, and methodology, the reported microbiome profiles differ considerably precluding conclusions on causal relationships. The microbiome is an emerging area of research in AAV warranting further investigation. Ideally, such studies should be combined with mechanistic studies to unravel key elements related to host-microbe interactions and their relevance for AAV pathogenesis.
Authors: Martin Laudien; Stefan D Gadola; Rainer Podschun; Jürgen Hedderich; Jens Paulsen; Eva Reinhold-Keller; Elena Csernok; Petra Ambrosch; Bernhard Hellmich; Frank Moosig; Wolfgang L Gross; Hany Sahly; Peter Lamprecht Journal: Clin Exp Rheumatol Date: 2010 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 4.473