Evelien Jansen1,2, Sonja de Groot3,4, Christof A Smit5, Dick H J Thijssen6,7, Maria Te Hopman8, Thomas W J Janssen9. 1. Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. evelienjansen@protonmail.com. 2. Centre Basalt Wassenaarseweg 501, Leiden, The Netherlands. evelienjansen@protonmail.com. 3. Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 5. Tolbrug Rehabilitation, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 7. Cardiovascular Physiology and Exercise at Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 8. Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 9. Vrije University Amsterdam and Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Sub-study of a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES: To examine if hybrid cycling (cycling with the legs via electrical stimulation combined with voluntary handcycling) compared to handcycling leads to different systemic vascular adaptations in individuals with a long-term spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Two rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. METHODS: Ten individuals with a SCI trained on a hybrid bicycle (N = 5) or a handcycle (N = 5) for 16 weeks twice a week. Prior to and following the training the intima media thickness (IMT) of the common coronary artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) were measured and the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) was analyzed. RESULTS: Before training, there were no significant differences in any of the outcome measures between the groups. We found no change in CCA IMT (pre: 0.616 mm, post: 0.586 mm), or in SFA (pre: 0.512 mm, post: 0.520 mm) after hybrid cycling. We also found no change in FMD % of BA after hybrid cycling (pre: 9.040%, post: 9.220%). There were no changes in CCA IMT, SFA IMT, and FMD% after handcycling either. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that 16 weeks of twice-weekly training of up to 30 min on a hybrid bicycle or handcycle does not lead to systemic vascular adaptations. A larger sample size and training protocol with more frequent and higher intensity training (which might involve a home-based setting and an adapted period prior to the training) might show different results.
STUDY DESIGN: Sub-study of a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES: To examine if hybrid cycling (cycling with the legs via electrical stimulation combined with voluntary handcycling) compared to handcycling leads to different systemic vascular adaptations in individuals with a long-term spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Two rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands. METHODS: Ten individuals with a SCI trained on a hybrid bicycle (N = 5) or a handcycle (N = 5) for 16 weeks twice a week. Prior to and following the training the intima media thickness (IMT) of the common coronary artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) were measured and the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) was analyzed. RESULTS: Before training, there were no significant differences in any of the outcome measures between the groups. We found no change in CCA IMT (pre: 0.616 mm, post: 0.586 mm), or in SFA (pre: 0.512 mm, post: 0.520 mm) after hybrid cycling. We also found no change in FMD % of BA after hybrid cycling (pre: 9.040%, post: 9.220%). There were no changes in CCA IMT, SFA IMT, and FMD% after handcycling either. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that 16 weeks of twice-weekly training of up to 30 min on a hybrid bicycle or handcycle does not lead to systemic vascular adaptations. A larger sample size and training protocol with more frequent and higher intensity training (which might involve a home-based setting and an adapted period prior to the training) might show different results.
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