Anisma R Gokoel1,2, Firoz Abdoel Wahid3,4, Wilco C W R Zijlmans4,5,6, Arti Shankar4, Ashna D Hindori-Mohangoo4,6, Hannah H Covert4, Meerte-Sigrid MacDonald-Ottevanger3,7, Maureen Y Lichtveld8, Emily W Harville9. 1. Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname. agokoel@azp.sr. 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname. agokoel@azp.sr. 3. Scientific Research Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname. 4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. 5. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname. 6. Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (PeriSur), Paramaribo, Suriname. 7. Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 8. Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 9. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prenatal depression may have adverse health effects on mothers and their offspring. Perceived stress is an important risk factor for depression during pregnancy. Studies have shown that both perceived stress and depression may negatively influence birth outcomes. While 20% of pregnancies in Suriname, a middle-income Caribbean country located in northern South America, results in adverse birth outcomes, data on prenatal depression and its risk factors are lacking. This study aimed to assess the influence of perceived stress on depression during pregnancy in Surinamese women. METHODS: Survey data were used from 1143 pregnant women who participated in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health-MeKiTamara prospective cohort study that addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures in mother/child dyads in Suriname. The Edinburgh Depression Scale and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale were used to screen for probable depression (cut-off ≥ 12) and high stress (cut-off ≥ 20), respectively. The association between perceived stress and depression was examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for social support (including resilience) and maternal demographics. RESULTS: The prevalence of high perceived stress during the first two trimesters and the third trimester were 27.2% and 24.7% respectively. 22.4% of the participants had probable depression during first or second trimester and 17.6% during the third trimester. Women experiencing high stress levels during the first two trimesters had 1.92 increased odds (95% CI 1.18-3.11, p = 0.008) of having probable depression during the third trimester of pregnancy than those with low stress levels. Pregnant women with low individual resilience during early pregnancy (52.1%) had 1.65 (95% CI 1.03-2.63, p = 0.038) increased odds of having probable depression during later stages of pregnancy compared to those with high individual resilience. Low educational level (p = 0.004) and age of the mother (20-34 years) (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with probable depression during the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and management of stress and depression during pregnancy are important. Health education programs, targeting the reduction of stress during pregnancy, may help to reduce depression and its potential adverse health effects on the mother and child.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal depression may have adverse health effects on mothers and their offspring. Perceived stress is an important risk factor for depression during pregnancy. Studies have shown that both perceived stress and depression may negatively influence birth outcomes. While 20% of pregnancies in Suriname, a middle-income Caribbean country located in northern South America, results in adverse birth outcomes, data on prenatal depression and its risk factors are lacking. This study aimed to assess the influence of perceived stress on depression during pregnancy in Surinamese women. METHODS: Survey data were used from 1143 pregnant women who participated in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health-MeKiTamara prospective cohort study that addresses the impact of chemical and non-chemical environmental exposures in mother/child dyads in Suriname. The Edinburgh Depression Scale and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale were used to screen for probable depression (cut-off ≥ 12) and high stress (cut-off ≥ 20), respectively. The association between perceived stress and depression was examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for social support (including resilience) and maternal demographics. RESULTS: The prevalence of high perceived stress during the first two trimesters and the third trimester were 27.2% and 24.7% respectively. 22.4% of the participantshad probable depression during first or second trimester and 17.6% during the third trimester. Women experiencing high stress levels during the first two trimesters had 1.92 increased odds (95% CI 1.18-3.11, p = 0.008) of having probable depression during the third trimester of pregnancy than those with low stress levels. Pregnant women with low individual resilience during early pregnancy (52.1%) had 1.65 (95% CI 1.03-2.63, p = 0.038) increased odds of having probable depression during later stages of pregnancy compared to those with high individual resilience. Low educational level (p = 0.004) and age of the mother (20-34 years) (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with probable depression during the third trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and management of stress and depression during pregnancy are important. Health education programs, targeting the reduction of stress during pregnancy, may help to reduce depression and its potential adverse health effects on the mother and child.
Entities:
Keywords:
Perceived stress; Prenatal; Probable depression; Resilience; Social support; Suriname
Authors: María José Castelar-Ríos; Macarena De Los Santos-Roig; Humbelina Robles-Ortega; Miguel Ángel Díaz-López; José Maldonado-Lozano; Mercedes Bellido-González Journal: Children (Basel) Date: 2022-04-30
Authors: Anisma R Gokoel; Wilco C W R Zijlmans; Hannah H Covert; Firoz Abdoel Wahid; Arti Shankar; M Sigrid MacDonald-Ottevanger; Ashna D Hindori-Mohangoo; Jeffrey K Wickliffe; Maureen Y Lichtveld; Emily W Harville Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-06-20 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Anisma R Gokoel; Arti Shankar; Firoz Abdoel Wahid; Ashna D Hindori-Mohangoo; Hannah H Covert; Jeffrey K Wickliffe; Emily W Harville; Wilco C W R Zijlmans; Maureen Y Lichtveld Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-07-20 Impact factor: 4.614