Diagnosis of Infantile Hip Dysplasia With B-Mode Ultrasound via Two-Stage Meta-Learning Based Deep Exclusivity Regularized Machine.

The B-mode ultrasound (BUS) based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has shown its effectiveness for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. In this work, a two-stage meta-learning based deep exclusivity regularized machine (TML-DERM) is proposed for the BUS-based CAD of DDH. TML-DERM integrates deep neural network (DNN) and exclusivity regularized machine into a unified framework to simultaneously improve the feature representation and classification performance. Moreover, the first-stage meta-learning is mainly conducted on the DNN module to alleviate the overfitting issue caused by the significantly increased parameters in DNN, and a random sampling strategy is adopted to self-generate the meta-tasks; while the second-stage meta-learning mainly learns the combination of multiple weak classifiers by a weight vector to improve the classification performance, and also optimizes the unified framework again. The experimental results on a DDH ultrasound dataset show the proposed TML-DERM algorithm achieves the superior classification performance with the mean accuracy of 85.89%, sensitivity of 86.54%, and specificity of 85.23%.