Xiaofang Zhu1,2, Hao Yuan1, Ouyang Ningjuan1, Carroll Ann Trotman3, Thomas E Van Dyke4, Jake Jinkun Chen5,6, Guofang Shen7. 1. Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 2. Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 4. The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. 5. Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. jk.chen@tufts.edu. 6. Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. jk.chen@tufts.edu. 7. Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. shengf@sumhs.edu.cn.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Corticotomy is widely used in clinical practice to accelerate tooth movement and shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment. It is effective, but an invasive surgery is needed to induce alveolar bone osteopenia that enable rapid tooth movement. In this study, we discovered the potential of 6-shogaol as a more patient-friendly non-invasive alternative to induce transient osteopenia and accelerate tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of 6-shogaol on the bone marrow macrophages (BMM) proliferation and osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption were determined in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: CON, IPinj or Localinj and euthanized at day 28. Micro-CT, histology, immunohistological, and TUNEL analysis were performed to evaluate the tooth movement acceleration effect of 6-shogaol. RESULTS: In vitro, 6-shogaol promotes osteoclast differentiation and functional demineralization of alveolar bone. RANKL-induced mRNA expression of osteoclastic-specific genes was significantly higher in the presence of 6-shogaol. A dose-dependent increase in the area of TRAP-positive cells was observed with 6-shogaol treatment. F-actin ring formation and increased bone resorption confirmed that osteoclasts treated with 6-shogaol were mature and functional. 6-shogaol stimulated JNK activation and NFATc1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, 6-shogaol promotes alveolar bone transient osteopenia and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement. Alveolar bone mass was reduced, more osteoclasts were observed in bone resorption lacunae on the compression side, and the expression of RANKL and sclerostin were higher than the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that 6-shogoal accelerates tooth movement by inducing osteopenia by a mechanism similar to surgically induced bone injury.
INTRODUCTION: Corticotomy is widely used in clinical practice to accelerate tooth movement and shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment. It is effective, but an invasive surgery is needed to induce alveolar bone osteopenia that enable rapid tooth movement. In this study, we discovered the potential of 6-shogaol as a more patient-friendly non-invasive alternative to induce transient osteopenia and accelerate tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of 6-shogaol on the bone marrow macrophages (BMM) proliferation and osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption were determined in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: CON, IPinj or Localinj and euthanized at day 28. Micro-CT, histology, immunohistological, and TUNEL analysis were performed to evaluate the tooth movement acceleration effect of 6-shogaol. RESULTS: In vitro, 6-shogaol promotes osteoclast differentiation and functional demineralization of alveolar bone. RANKL-induced mRNA expression of osteoclastic-specific genes was significantly higher in the presence of 6-shogaol. A dose-dependent increase in the area of TRAP-positive cells was observed with 6-shogaol treatment. F-actin ring formation and increased bone resorption confirmed that osteoclasts treated with 6-shogaol were mature and functional. 6-shogaol stimulated JNK activation and NFATc1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, 6-shogaol promotes alveolar bone transient osteopenia and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement. Alveolar bone mass was reduced, more osteoclasts were observed in bone resorption lacunae on the compression side, and the expression of RANKL and sclerostin were higher than the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that 6-shogoal accelerates tooth movement by inducing osteopenia by a mechanism similar to surgically induced bone injury.
Entities:
Keywords:
6-Shogaol; Osteoclasts; Osteopenia; Tooth movement
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