Mariana Sampaio1,2, Maria Vicenta Navarro Haro3,4, Chelsey Wilks5, Bruno De Sousa6, Azucena Garcia-Palacios7,8, Hunter G Hoffman9,10,11,12,13. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2. Department of Social work, Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal. 3. Instituto Aragonés de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 4. Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 5. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 6. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, CINEICC University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 7. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 8. Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain. 9. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 10. Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 11. Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 12. Human Photonics Lab, Virtual Reality Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 13. Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Background: Social distancing restrictions imposed due to the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a rapid shift in the delivery of psychological interventions from in-person to telehealth. Much of the research on this transition has been conducted with English-speaking mental health providers, leaving a gap in understanding related to how this shift has impacted Spanish-speaking treatment providers. Methods: Fifty non-U.S. Spanish-speaking therapists completed a survey related to their use of telecommunication modalities; client population characteristics; professional, ethical, and legal/regulatory issues; and telehealth training and practice. Participants completed the survey at one time point and retrospectively described their use of telehealth both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. Results: Most of the 50 Spanish-speaking therapists surveyed reported using telepsychology 58% before COVID-19 versus 84% during the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 5.76, p < 0.05). Compared with pre-pandemic, the number of hours therapists spent using telepsychology per week increased significantly for early adopter therapists (those who began using telehealth before the pandemic began) (Z = -3.18, p = 0.001) and also for late adopter therapists who only began using telehealth during the pandemic (Z = -3.74, p < 0.001). Many therapists reported equity issues. Most participants also reported ethical and regulatory concerns regarding security/confidentiality or Health Insurance Porability and Accountability Act. Conclusions: The rapid adoption of technology to deliver therapy during COVID-19 has spurred growing pains for Spanish-speaking therapists and their underserved clients, and more research is needed to better understand and improve the therapists' adoption of these technologies with diverse patient populations.
Background: Social distancing restrictions imposed due to the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in a rapid shift in the delivery of psychological interventions from in-person to telehealth. Much of the research on this transition has been conducted with English-speaking mental health providers, leaving a gap in understanding related to how this shift has impacted Spanish-speaking treatment providers. Methods: Fifty non-U.S. Spanish-speaking therapists completed a survey related to their use of telecommunication modalities; client population characteristics; professional, ethical, and legal/regulatory issues; and telehealth training and practice. Participants completed the survey at one time point and retrospectively described their use of telehealth both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. Results: Most of the 50 Spanish-speaking therapists surveyed reported using telepsychology 58% before COVID-19 versus 84% during the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 5.76, p < 0.05). Compared with pre-pandemic, the number of hours therapists spent using telepsychology per week increased significantly for early adopter therapists (those who began using telehealth before the pandemic began) (Z = -3.18, p = 0.001) and also for late adopter therapists who only began using telehealth during the pandemic (Z = -3.74, p < 0.001). Many therapists reported equity issues. Most participants also reported ethical and regulatory concerns regarding security/confidentiality or Health Insurance Porability and Accountability Act. Conclusions: The rapid adoption of technology to deliver therapy during COVID-19 has spurred growing pains for Spanish-speaking therapists and their underserved clients, and more research is needed to better understand and improve the therapists' adoption of these technologies with diverse patient populations.
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