Ce Liu1, Bo Wang1, Shang Liu1, Sheng Li2, Kai Zhang3, Bin Luo4, Aimin Yang5. 1. Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China. 2. The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA. 4. Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: luob@lzu.edu.cn. 5. Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, limited data on trends in the global burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5, particularly in different regions by social-economic levels. We evaluated the spatio-temporal changes in the disease burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and regions with different socio-demographic indexes (SDI). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis with data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) database. The burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were estimated according to sex, age, nationality and SDI. The annual percentage change (APCs) and the average annual percentage change (AAPCs) were calculated by using the Joinpoint model to evaluate the changing trend of ASMR and ASDR attributed to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019. The Gaussian process regression model was used to estimate the relationship of SDI with ASMR and ASDR. RESULTS: Overall, the global burden of T2D attributable to PM2.5 increased significantly since 1990, particularly in the elderly, men, Africa, Asia and low-middle SDI regions. The ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributable to PM2.5 in 2019 were 2.47 (95% CI: 1.71, 3.24) per 100,000 population and 108.98 (95% CI: 74.06, 147.23) per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributed to T2D increased by 57.32% and 86.75%, respectively. The global AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.46, 1.68) and 2.17 (95% CI: 2.02, 2.32), respectively. Declining trends were observed in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and other regions with high SDI. CONCLUSIONS: Over this 30-years study, the global T2D burden attributable to PM2.5 has increased particularly in regions with low-middle SDI. PM2.5 remains a great concern on the global burden of diabetes.
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, limited data on trends in the global burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5, particularly in different regions by social-economic levels. We evaluated the spatio-temporal changes in the disease burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and regions with different socio-demographic indexes (SDI). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis with data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD2019) database. The burden of T2D attributed to PM2.5, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) were estimated according to sex, age, nationality and SDI. The annual percentage change (APCs) and the average annual percentage change (AAPCs) were calculated by using the Joinpoint model to evaluate the changing trend of ASMR and ASDR attributed to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019. The Gaussian process regression model was used to estimate the relationship of SDI with ASMR and ASDR. RESULTS: Overall, the global burden of T2D attributable to PM2.5 increased significantly since 1990, particularly in the elderly, men, Africa, Asia and low-middle SDI regions. The ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributable to PM2.5 in 2019 were 2.47 (95% CI: 1.71, 3.24) per 100,000 population and 108.98 (95% CI: 74.06, 147.23) per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the global ASMR and ASDR of T2D attributed to T2D increased by 57.32% and 86.75%, respectively. The global AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.46, 1.68) and 2.17 (95% CI: 2.02, 2.32), respectively. Declining trends were observed in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and other regions with high SDI. CONCLUSIONS: Over this 30-years study, the global T2D burden attributable to PM2.5 has increased particularly in regions with low-middle SDI. PM2.5 remains a great concern on the global burden of diabetes.
Authors: Yi Xue; Jie Zhou; Bei-Ni Xu; Yue Li; Wu Bao; Xia Lin Cheng; Yan He; Chun Peng Xu; Jun Ren; Ya Rong Zheng; Chi Yu Jia Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-04-25