Acute myelogenous leukemia subsequent to therapy for a different neoplasm: clinical features and response to therapy.

The clinical characteristics of 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) which developed subsequently to treatment for another neoplasm are described. This disease appears to differ from "spontaneous" AML in being associated with lesser degrees of leukemic infiltration of the marrow and more frequent chromosomal aberrations. Only one of the nine patients who received chemotherapy attained remission status, and the mean and median survivals from the initiation of chemotherapy were 2.7 months and one month respectively. Nine of the 10 patients died as a result of infection. The refractoriness of this form of AML to chemotherapy was borne out by a review of the literature, which revealed only two remissions in 32 treated patients. The implications for the management of this disease are discussed.