A review of current and promising nontuberculous mycobacteria antibiotics.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are a growing concern, and their incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Current treatments are not necessarily useful because many were initially designed to work against other bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, inadequate treatment means that resistant strains are increasingly appearing, particularly for Mycobacterium abscessus, one of the most virulent nontuberculous mycobacteria. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics specifically directed against these nontuberculous mycobacteria. To help in this fight against the emergence of these pathogens, this review describes the most promising heterocyclic antibiotics under development, with particular attention paid to their structure-activity relationships.