Pooja Agrawal1, Julie Neisler2, Michael S Businelle3, Darla E Kendzor3, Daphne C Hernandez4, Chisom Odoh1, Lorraine R Reitzel1. 1. The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas. 2. The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute Houston, Texas. 3. The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 4. The University of Houston, Department of Health, & Health Performance, and The University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence may explain sleep inadequacies reported by homeless adults, with women being potentially more susceptible to violence and sleep disturbances than men. This study examined the association between violence and sleep inadequacies among homeless adults and explored differences by sex. METHODS: Adult participants were recruited from a shelter (N=194; 71.1% men, Mage = 43.8±12.2). Participants self-reported victimization and/or witnessing violence (mugging, fight, and/or sexual assault) at the shelter, sleep duration (over an average 24 hours), insufficient sleep (days without sufficient rest/sleep), and unintentional daytime sleep (days with unintentional sleep) in the past month. Linear regressions were used to estimate associations between violence and sleep inadequacies, controlling for sex, age, race, months homeless, and depression. Moderation by sex was examined via an interaction term following mean-centering of variables. RESULTS: Overall, 20.6% of participants (n=40) reported victimization since moving to the shelter. In the last month, participants reported witnessing an average of 2.9±5.1 acts of violence. Over the same timeframe, participants reported 6.9±2.0 hours of sleep nightly, 11.2±10.7 days of insufficient sleep, and 6.2±8.8 days with unintentional daytime sleep. In adjusted analyses, witnessing violence was associated with insufficient sleep (p=.001). Men and women differed only in age and race in unadjusted analyses; sex was not a significant moderator of any association between violence and sleep in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Links between witnessing violence and sleep inadequacies should be considered in shelter health promotion efforts. Successful efforts to minimize violence may reduce insufficient sleep amongst both sexes.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to violence may explain sleep inadequacies reported by homeless adults, with women being potentially more susceptible to violence and sleep disturbances than men. This study examined the association between violence and sleep inadequacies among homeless adults and explored differences by sex. METHODS: Adult participants were recruited from a shelter (N=194; 71.1% men, Mage = 43.8±12.2). Participants self-reported victimization and/or witnessing violence (mugging, fight, and/or sexual assault) at the shelter, sleep duration (over an average 24 hours), insufficient sleep (days without sufficient rest/sleep), and unintentional daytime sleep (days with unintentional sleep) in the past month. Linear regressions were used to estimate associations between violence and sleep inadequacies, controlling for sex, age, race, months homeless, and depression. Moderation by sex was examined via an interaction term following mean-centering of variables. RESULTS: Overall, 20.6% of participants (n=40) reported victimization since moving to the shelter. In the last month, participants reported witnessing an average of 2.9±5.1 acts of violence. Over the same timeframe, participants reported 6.9±2.0 hours of sleep nightly, 11.2±10.7 days of insufficient sleep, and 6.2±8.8 days with unintentional daytime sleep. In adjusted analyses, witnessing violence was associated with insufficient sleep (p=.001). Men and women differed only in age and race in unadjusted analyses; sex was not a significant moderator of any association between violence and sleep in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Links between witnessing violence and sleep inadequacies should be considered in shelter health promotion efforts. Successful efforts to minimize violence may reduce insufficient sleep amongst both sexes.
Entities:
Keywords:
Health disparities; homelessness; sleep; victimization; violence
Authors: Michael S Businelle; Insiya B Poonawalla; Darla E Kendzor; Debra M Rios; Erica L Cuate; Elaine J Savoy; Ping Ma; Travis P Baggett; Jennifer Reingle; Lorraine R Reitzel Journal: Addict Behav Date: 2014-09-06 Impact factor: 3.913
Authors: Lorraine R Reitzel; Nicole A Short; Norman B Schmidt; Lorra Garey; Michael J Zvolensky; Alexis Moisiuc; Carrie Reddick; Darla E Kendzor; Michael S Businelle Journal: Am J Health Behav Date: 2017-11-01
Authors: Jayda Martinez; Midhat Z Jafry; Tzuan A Chen; Michael S Businelle; Darla E Kendzor; Maggie Britton; Maya Vijayaraghavan; Lorraine R Reitzel Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-02-19 Impact factor: 3.390