Siyu He1, Kornkanok Tripanpitak2, Yu Yoshida2, Shozo Takamatsu3, Shao Ying Huang4, Wenwei Yu2,5. 1. Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. 2. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. 3. Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan. 4. Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore. 5. Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Few investigations have been conducted on the selective stimulation of small-radius unmyelinated C nerves (C), which are critical to both the recovery of damaged nerves and pain suppression. The purpose of this study is to understand how an anodal pulse in an anodal-first stimulation could improve C-selectivity over myelinated nociceptive Aδ nerves (Aδ) and to further clarify the landscape of the solution space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An adapted Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model and the McIntyre-Richardson-Grill (MRG) model were used for modeling C and Aδ, respectively, to analyze the underlying ion dynamics and the influence of relevant stimulation waveforms, including monopolar, polarity-symmetric, and asymmetric pulses. RESULTS: The results showed that polarity asymmetric waveforms with preceding anodal stimulations benefit C-selectivity the most, underlain by the decrease in the potassium ion current of C. CONCLUSION: The optimal parameters for C-selectivity have been identified in the low-frequency band, remarkably benefiting the design of selective stimulation waveforms for the recovery of damaged nerves and pain management.
PURPOSE: Few investigations have been conducted on the selective stimulation of small-radius unmyelinated C nerves (C), which are critical to both the recovery of damaged nerves and pain suppression. The purpose of this study is to understand how an anodal pulse in an anodal-first stimulation could improve C-selectivity over myelinated nociceptive Aδ nerves (Aδ) and to further clarify the landscape of the solution space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An adapted Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model and the McIntyre-Richardson-Grill (MRG) model were used for modeling C and Aδ, respectively, to analyze the underlying ion dynamics and the influence of relevant stimulation waveforms, including monopolar, polarity-symmetric, and asymmetric pulses. RESULTS: The results showed that polarity asymmetric waveforms with preceding anodal stimulations benefit C-selectivity the most, underlain by the decrease in the potassium ion current of C. CONCLUSION: The optimal parameters for C-selectivity have been identified in the low-frequency band, remarkably benefiting the design of selective stimulation waveforms for the recovery of damaged nerves and pain management.
Authors: Bridget A Martell; Patrick G O'Connor; Robert D Kerns; William C Becker; Knashawn H Morales; Thomas R Kosten; David A Fiellin Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2007-01-16 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: I Aprile; P Tonali; E Stalberg; E Di Stasio; P Caliandro; M Foschini; G Vergili; L Padua Journal: Neurol Sci Date: 2007-10-31 Impact factor: 3.307