Effect of water-soluble PM10 on the production of TNF-α by human monocytes and induction of apoptosis in A549 human lung epithelial cells.

Long-term exposure to airborne particles of 10 µm and less in size (PM10) in dust can lead to increased risk of diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, lung cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble PM10 particles in the Middle East Dust (MED) storm in Ahvaz, Iran, on the production of TNF-α by human monocytes. In addition, we assessed the level of induction of apoptosis in isolated A549 human pulmonary epithelial cells. For this purpose, isolated human blood monocytes (250,000 to 300,000 cell/ ml) as well as isolated human pulmonary A549 epithelial cells (100,0000 cell/ ml) were exposed to various concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500 µg/ml) of water-soluble PM10 particles for different incubation periods (12, 24, 48 h). The results showed that exposure to PM10 particles increased the production of TNF-α in human monocytes and promoted apoptosis induction in A549 cells, in both concentration and incubation of period-dependent manner. In conclusion, airborne dust particles in Ahvaz city contain active compounds capable of increasing production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and inducing apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.