Unal Atas1, Nuray Erin2, Gokhan Tazegul3, Gulsum Ozlem Elpek4, Bulent Yildirim5. 1. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: vrlunalatas@gmail.com. 2. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Unit, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: nerin@akdeniz.edu.tr. 3. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: drgtazegul@gmail.com. 4. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: elpek@akdeniz.edu.tr. 5. Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: byildirim2000@hotmail.com.
Abstract
AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess changes in levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ghrelin in the gastroduodenal mucosa of obese individuals, which has not been studied before. METHODS: Forty-six patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >40 kg/m2 and 20 patients with a BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 were included in the study. VIP and SP levels in the fundus, antrum and duodenal mucosa were measured in freshly frozen tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting levels of ghrelin in blood were also measured with ELISA. Tissue levels of ghrelin were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and immunoreactivity scores were used for ghrelin evaluation in tissues. RESULTS: Antrum SP levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group. A significant number of obese patients had low VIP levels in the fundus and antrum. Intense ghrelin staining was observed in a limited number of cells in the mucosal area of the gastric fundus that was similar in the control and patient groups. In the antrum and duodenum, ghrelin staining was low in all the samples examined. CONCLUSION: Here, we found that SP levels are increased, while VIP levels are decreased in the antrum of morbidly obese individuals. Previous studies show that SP increases gastroduodenal motility, that VIP slows it down, and that the gastric emptying rate is higher in obese individuals, preventing negative feedback mechanisms upon food intake. Therefore, increases in SP and decreases in VIP levels in the antrum may contribute to obesity by accelerating gastric emptying.
AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess changes in levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ghrelin in the gastroduodenal mucosa of obese individuals, which has not been studied before. METHODS: Forty-six patients with a body mass index (BMI) of >40 kg/m2 and 20 patients with a BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 were included in the study. VIP and SP levels in the fundus, antrum and duodenal mucosa were measured in freshly frozen tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting levels of ghrelin in blood were also measured with ELISA. Tissue levels of ghrelin were assessed by immunohistochemical staining, and immunoreactivity scores were used for ghrelin evaluation in tissues. RESULTS: Antrum SP levels were higher in the obese group than in the control group. A significant number of obese patients had low VIP levels in the fundus and antrum. Intense ghrelin staining was observed in a limited number of cells in the mucosal area of the gastric fundus that was similar in the control and patient groups. In the antrum and duodenum, ghrelin staining was low in all the samples examined. CONCLUSION: Here, we found that SP levels are increased, while VIP levels are decreased in the antrum of morbidly obese individuals. Previous studies show that SP increases gastroduodenal motility, that VIP slows it down, and that the gastric emptying rate is higher in obese individuals, preventing negative feedback mechanisms upon food intake. Therefore, increases in SP and decreases in VIP levels in the antrum may contribute to obesity by accelerating gastric emptying.
Authors: Ayad Mohammed Salem; Rabia Latif; Nazish Rafique; Mubarak I Aldawlan; Layan B Almulla; Duaa Y Alghirash; Ola A Fallatah; Faleh M Alotaibi; Fahad H Aljabbari; Talay Yar Journal: Int J Womens Health Date: 2022-09-07