| Literature DB >> 34146208 |
John F Strang1,2,3,4,5, Diane Chen6,7,8,9,10, Eric Nelson11,12, Scott F Leibowitz13,14, Leena Nahata11,12,15, Laura G Anthony16,17, Amber Song18,19,20, Connor Grannis11, Elizabeth Graham21, Shane Henise18,22, Eric Vilain23,24,25, Eleonora Sadikova26, Andrew Freeman27,28, Cara Pugliese19,20, Ayesha Khawaja29,18,19, Tekla Maisashvili29,18,19, Michael Mancilla22, Lauren Kenworthy19,30,20.
Abstract
Executive function (EF) underlies broad health and adaptive outcomes. For transgender youth, navigating gender discernment and gender affirmation demand EF. Yet, factors associated with transgender youth EF are unknown. We investigate hypothesized predictors of EF: over-represented conditions among transgender youth (anxiety and depression symptoms, autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) and gender-affirming care. One-hundred twenty-four transgender 11-21-year-olds participated. Parents/caregivers completed EF and mental health report measures. ASD diagnostics and gender-affirming medication histories were collected. 21 % of non-autistic and 69 % of autistic transgender youth had clinically elevated EF problems. Membership in the gender-affirming hormone treatment group was associated with better EF. ASD, anxiety symptoms, and membership in the long-duration pubertal suppression group were associated with poorer EF. Given the importance of EF skills for multiple outcomes, and the unique and additional EF demands specific to transgender youths' experiences, EF skill monitoring-and when appropriate, supports-should be considered for transgender youth.Entities:
Keywords: Autistic; Executive function; Gender affirming hormones; Gender diversity; Internalizing
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Year: 2021 PMID： 34146208 DOI： 10.1007/s10578-021-01195-6
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev ISSN： 0009-398X