C Zhang1, Y Peng2, X Q Luo1, Q M Li1, Z C Yang3, Y Chen1, Y Z Peng1, Y X Gong2, Y L Zhang1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China. 2. Department of Reconstructive Surgery, the ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China. 3. Department of Reconstructive Surgery , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of infection on 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, and explore the prevention and treatment strategy of pediatric burns. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from January 2012 to December 2020, including gender, ages, burns types, locations, severities of burns, and seasons of accidents, and type of pathogenic bacteria, source of tissue or body fluid, and drug resistance. API bacterial identification batten and VITEK-2 compact automatic microbial identification system were applied for pathogen identification. Drug sensitivities were tested with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion method. WHONE 5.6 software was applied to analyze the data. Results: A total of 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns were included in this study, including 1768 boys and 1299 girls. the majority of pediatric burn patients were > 1 and ≤4 years, accounting for 72.9%, and the least of pediatric burn patients were >8 and ≤12 years, accounting for 4.9%. Moderate burns and severe burns taked the majority parts, and the two cases were close. The top cause of pediatric burns was scald, accounting for 81.6%. Extremities was the most common in the entire 3254 burn sites. The most pediatric burns were occurred in winter, accounting for 29.4%. A total of 1018 strains of pathogenic bacteria were collected from pediatric burn patients, all of which were non-repeated isolates. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli, among which Staphylococcus aureus rank the first every year. The pathogens were mainly isolated from the wound, accounting for 81.34%. Staphylococcus aureus were not found resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin from 2012 to 2020; While in 2019, Staphylococcus aureus was 100% resistant to macrolides, penicillin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has no resistance to polymyxin B. Acinetobacter baumannii has a high rate of drug resistance to most antibiotics. Conclusions: Male children with moderate burns from > 1 and ≤4 year were in the majority among the pediatric burn patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from 2012 to 2020. Scalds are the leading cause, and extremities are the common burn sites. Staphylococcus aureus from wound surface was the primary pathogen of burn infections in pediatric patients. It is necessary to improve guardians' awareness of preventing children from burns and children's self-protection awareness.
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of infection on 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, and explore the prevention and treatment strategy of pediatric burns. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns who met the inclusion criteria and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from January 2012 to December 2020, including gender, ages, burns types, locations, severities of burns, and seasons of accidents, and type of pathogenic bacteria, source of tissue or body fluid, and drug resistance. API bacterial identification batten and VITEK-2 compact automatic microbial identification system were applied for pathogen identification. Drug sensitivities were tested with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion method. WHONE 5.6 software was applied to analyze the data. Results: A total of 3067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns were included in this study, including 1768 boys and 1299 girls. the majority of pediatric burn patients were > 1 and ≤4 years, accounting for 72.9%, and the least of pediatric burn patients were >8 and ≤12 years, accounting for 4.9%. Moderate burns and severe burns taked the majority parts, and the two cases were close. The top cause of pediatric burns was scald, accounting for 81.6%. Extremities was the most common in the entire 3254 burn sites. The most pediatric burns were occurred in winter, accounting for 29.4%. A total of 1018 strains of pathogenic bacteria were collected from pediatric burn patients, all of which were non-repeated isolates. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli, among which Staphylococcus aureus rank the first every year. The pathogens were mainly isolated from the wound, accounting for 81.34%. Staphylococcus aureus were not found resistant to vancomycin,linezolid or teicoplanin from 2012 to 2020; While in 2019, Staphylococcus aureus was 100% resistant to macrolides, penicillin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has no resistance to polymyxin B. Acinetobacter baumannii has a high rate of drug resistance to most antibiotics. Conclusions: Male children with moderate burns from > 1 and ≤4 year were in the majority among the pediatric burn patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from 2012 to 2020. Scalds are the leading cause, and extremities are the common burn sites. Staphylococcus aureus from wound surface was the primary pathogen of burn infections in pediatric patients. It is necessary to improve guardians' awareness of preventing children from burns and children's self-protection awareness.