BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia (CIP) is a serious side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There is a consensus on the treatment of acute phase of CIP, but the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis after the acute phase is still a clinical problem to be solved. METHODS: The diagnosis and treatment of a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia in the Stereotactic Radiotherapy Department of Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were reviewed. RESULTS: A 70-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of left lung with mediastinal lymph node metastasis T3N3M0 stage IIIc, EGFR/ALK/ROS1/RAF negative, PD-L1 (22c3) immunohistochemistry negative. After the progression of first-line chemotherapy, the patient was diagnosed as immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia grade 3 during second-line monotherapy with Nivolumab. After initial high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy, the lung computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinical symptoms of the patients were partially relieved, and then pirfenidone (300 mg tid) was given orally for more than 11 months. During the treatment of pirfenidone, the CT imaging and clinical symptoms of the patients were significantly improved, and there were no other adverse reactions except grade 1 nausea. During this period, chemotherapy and Anlotinib was given concurrently with pirfenidone and showed good safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: This case report is the first report of pirfenidone in the treatment of CIP, which provides a new idea for the clinical practice and research of CIP treatment.
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia (CIP) is a serious side effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. There is a consensus on the treatment of acute phase of CIP, but the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis after the acute phase is still a clinical problem to be solved. METHODS: The diagnosis and treatment of a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient with immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia in the Stereotactic Radiotherapy Department of Qingdao Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were reviewed. RESULTS: A 70-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of left lung with mediastinal lymph node metastasis T3N3M0 stage IIIc, EGFR/ALK/ROS1/RAF negative, PD-L1 (22c3) immunohistochemistry negative. After the progression of first-line chemotherapy, the patient was diagnosed as immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia grade 3 during second-line monotherapy with Nivolumab. After initial high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy, the lung computed tomography (CT) imaging and clinical symptoms of the patients were partially relieved, and then pirfenidone (300 mg tid) was given orally for more than 11 months. During the treatment of pirfenidone, the CT imaging and clinical symptoms of the patients were significantly improved, and there were no other adverse reactions except grade 1 nausea. During this period, chemotherapy and Anlotinib was given concurrently with pirfenidone and showed good safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: This case report is the first report of pirfenidone in the treatment of CIP, which provides a new idea for the clinical practice and research of CIP treatment.
Pulmonary CT before and after the onset of CIP. A: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 6 (June 10, 2019): emphysema, pulmonary bullae and localized lymphangitis; B: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 8 (October 5, 2019): diffuse ground glass opacity with grid like changes and nodular patchy consolidation along the bronchus; C: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 9 (October 28, 2019): diffuse ground glass opacity with grid like changes and nodular patchy consolidation along the bronchus. CIP: immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia; CT: computed tomography.
CIP发病前后肺部CT。A:第6周期纳武利尤单抗治疗后胸部CT(2019年6月10日):表现为肺气肿、肺大泡和局限性淋巴管炎;B:第8周期纳武利尤单抗治疗后胸部CT(2019年10月5日):表现为弥漫的磨玻璃样影伴网格状改变以及沿支气管分布的结节状斑片状实变影;C:第9周期纳武利尤单抗治疗后胸部CT(2019年10月28日):表现为弥漫的磨玻璃样影伴网格状改变以及沿支气管分布的结节状斑片状实变影。Pulmonary CT before and after the onset of CIP. A: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 6 (June 10, 2019): emphysema, pulmonary bullae and localized lymphangitis; B: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 8 (October 5, 2019): diffuse ground glass opacity with grid like changes and nodular patchy consolidation along the bronchus; C: Chest CT after treatment with Nivolumab in cycle 9 (October 28, 2019): diffuse ground glass opacity with grid like changes and nodular patchy consolidation along the bronchus. CIP: immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonia; CT: computed tomography.
Chest CT before and after treatment of CIP. A: Chest CT before treatment (October 28, 2019); B: Chest CT after high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy (November 18, 2019); C: Chest CT after pirfenidone treatment for more than 8 months (July 14, 2020).
CIP治疗前后胸部CT。A:治疗前胸部CT(2019年10月28日);B:糖皮质激素大剂量冲击治疗后胸部CT(2019年11月18日);C:吡非尼酮治疗8月余后胸部CT(2020年7月14日);Chest CT before and after treatment of CIP. A: Chest CT before treatment (October 28, 2019); B: Chest CT after high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy (November 18, 2019); C: Chest CT after pirfenidone treatment for more than 8 months (July 14, 2020).
CT evaluation of anti-tumor therapy after diagnosis of CIP. A: Baseline CT before albumin binding paclitaxel chemotherapy (November 18, 2019); B: CT after 4 cycles of albumin binding paclitaxel chemotherapy (January 16, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was SD; C: CT scan after 2 months interruption of chemotherapy due to COVID-19 pandemic situation (March 9, 2020). The left lower lung lesion progressed; D: CT after 2 cycles of Anlotinib (May 14, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was SD (slightly enlarged left lower lung lesion); E: CT after Anlotinib+arterial embolization+iodine 125 seed implantation of left lower pulmonary lesion (July 14, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was PR; F: CT after sequential 2 cycles of Anlotinib (September 22, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was PD (newlesion in left lower lung, mediastinal lymph node enlargement). SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease.
图 4
患者治疗过程时间线
Time line of treatment. PR: partial response.
确诊CIP后抗肿瘤治疗CT疗效评价。A:白蛋白结合型紫杉醇化疗前基线CT(2019年11月18日);B:白蛋白结合型紫杉醇化疗4个周期后CT(2020年1月16日),疗效评价SD;C:因疫情中断化疗2月后复查CT(2020年3月9日),肺部病灶进展;D:安罗替尼2个周期后CT(2020年5月14日),疗效评价SD(左下肺病灶略增大);E:安罗替尼+左下肺病灶动脉栓塞术+碘125粒子植入术后CT(2020年7月14日),疗效评价PR;F:继续安罗替尼2个周期后CT(2020年9月22日),疗效评价PD(左下肺新发病灶,纵隔淋巴结增大)。CT evaluation of anti-tumor therapy after diagnosis of CIP. A: Baseline CT before albumin binding paclitaxel chemotherapy (November 18, 2019); B: CT after 4 cycles of albumin binding paclitaxel chemotherapy (January 16, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was SD; C: CT scan after 2 months interruption of chemotherapy due to COVID-19 pandemic situation (March 9, 2020). The left lower lung lesion progressed; D: CT after 2 cycles of Anlotinib (May 14, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was SD (slightly enlarged left lower lung lesion); E: CT after Anlotinib+arterial embolization+iodine 125 seed implantation of left lower pulmonary lesion (July 14, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was PR; F: CT after sequential 2 cycles of Anlotinib (September 22, 2020). Efficacy evaluation was PD (newlesion in left lower lung, mediastinal lymph node enlargement). SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease.患者治疗过程时间线Time line of treatment. PR: partial response.
Authors: M H Pollack; A Betof; H Dearden; K Rapazzo; I Valentine; A S Brohl; K K Ancell; G V Long; A M Menzies; Z Eroglu; D B Johnson; A N Shoushtari Journal: Ann Oncol Date: 2018-01-01 Impact factor: 32.976