Wireless Technologies for Energy Harvesting and Transmission for Ambient Self-Powered Systems.

The era of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires sustainable and convenient methods to power widely distributed sensing devices. Self-powered systems have emerged as a potential solution that utilizes ambient energy from environmental sources such as electromagnetic fields, mechanical motion, solar power, and temperature gradients. Recently, the integration of wireless technologies with self-powered systems has attracted significant attention as a way to address challenges in energy harvesting and transport without the cost and inherent physical constraints of wires. This review summarizes recent progress in the application of wireless technology in self-powered systems for applications in harvesting ambient electromagnetic energy and in transferring power between devices. In addition, challenges and development trends in the future of wireless self-powered sensor networks are discussed.