Mónica Guzmán1, Ronald Meléndez2,3, Carlos Jiménez4, Marta Piche4, Emily Jiménez5, Bernal León1, Juan M Cordero1, Lisbeth Ramirez-Carvajal6, Alberto Uribe7, Arie Van Nes8, Arjan Stegeman9, Juan José Romero10. 1. Department of Veterinary Diagnostics (DDV), Veterinary Services National Laboratories (LANASEVE), Animal Health National Service (SENASA), Ministry of Livestock and Agriculture (MAG), Heredia, Costa Rica. 2. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ronaldma03@gmail.com. 3. Consultoría Regional de Investigación en Producción Animal Sostenible (CRIPAS), School of Veterinary Medicine (EMV), Universidad Nacional (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica. ronaldma03@gmail.com. 4. Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine (EMV), Universidad Nacional (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica. 5. Faryvet Company, Heredia, Costa Rica. 6. Department of Veterinary Diagnostics (DDV), Veterinary Services National Laboratories (LANASEVE), Animal Health National Service (SENASA), Ministry of Livestock and Agriculture (MAG), Heredia, Costa Rica. Lizramirez@gmail.com. 7. Boehringer Ingelheim, 16300, Xochimilco, Mexico. 8. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.vannes@uu.nl. 9. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 10. Consultoría Regional de Investigación en Producción Animal Sostenible (CRIPAS), School of Veterinary Medicine (EMV), Universidad Nacional (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production. PRRS was first detected in Costa Rica in 1996 and has since then severely affected the local swine industry. Studies of the molecular characterization of circulating strains, correlation with clinical records, and associations with pathogens associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) have not been done in Costa Rica. RESULTS: Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 proved that PRRSV-2 was the only species detected in all locations analyzed. These sequences were grouped into three clusters. When comparing samples from San Jose, Alejuela, and Puntarenas to historical isolates of the previously described lineages (1 to 9), it has been shown that these were closely related to each other and belonged to Lineage 5, along with the samples from Heredia. Intriguingly, samples from Cartago clustered in a separate clade, phylogenetically related to Lineage 1. Epitope analysis conducted on the GP5 sequence of field isolates from Costa Rica revealed seven peptides with at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with previously described and experimentally validated immunogenic regions. Previously described epitopes A, B, and C, were detected in the Santa Barbara-Heredia isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the virus has three distinct origins or introductions to the country. Future studies will elucidate how recently introduced vaccines will shape the evolutionary change of circulating field strains.
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production. PRRS was first detected in Costa Rica in 1996 and has since then severely affected the local swine industry. Studies of the molecular characterization of circulating strains, correlation with clinical records, and associations with pathogens associated with PorcineRespiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) have not been done in Costa Rica. RESULTS: Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 proved that PRRSV-2 was the only species detected in all locations analyzed. These sequences were grouped into three clusters. When comparing samples from San Jose, Alejuela, and Puntarenas to historical isolates of the previously described lineages (1 to 9), it has been shown that these were closely related to each other and belonged to Lineage 5, along with the samples from Heredia. Intriguingly, samples from Cartago clustered in a separate clade, phylogenetically related to Lineage 1. Epitope analysis conducted on the GP5 sequence of field isolates from Costa Rica revealed seven peptides with at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with previously described and experimentally validated immunogenic regions. Previously described epitopes A, B, and C, were detected in the Santa Barbara-Heredia isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the virus has three distinct origins or introductions to the country. Future studies will elucidate how recently introduced vaccines will shape the evolutionary change of circulating field strains.
Entities:
Keywords:
Costa Rica; Glycoprotein 5(GP5); Open reading frame 5 (ORF5); Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS); Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC); phylogenetic tree
Authors: Philippe Raymond; Christian Bellehumeur; Malliga Nagarajan; Diane Longtin; Alexandra Ferland; Peter Müller; Rachel Bissonnette; Carole Simard Journal: Can J Vet Res Date: 2017-07 Impact factor: 1.310