Rajiv Nair1, Omkar Bhatavdekar1, Aprameya Prasad1, Alaina Howe1, Dominick Salerno1, Michelle Sempkowski2, Anders Josefsson3, Jesus Pacheco-Torres3, Zaver M Bhujwalla3, Kathleen L Gabrielson4, George Sgouros3, Stavroula Sofou5,6,7. 1. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2. City of Hope Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA. 3. The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. 5. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. ssofou1@jhu.edu. 6. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. ssofou1@jhu.edu. 7. ChemBE, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Maryland Hall 221, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. ssofou1@jhu.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Highly cytotoxic α-particle radiotherapy delivered by tumor-selective nanocarriers is evaluated on metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). On vascularized tumors, the limited penetration of nanocarriers (<50-80 μm) combined with the short range of α-particles (40-100 μm) may, however, result in only partial tumor irradiation, compromising efficacy. Utilizing the α-particle emitter Actinium-225 (225Ac), we studied how the therapeutic potential of a general delivery strategy using nanometer-sized engineered liposomes was affected by two key transport-driven properties: (1) the release from liposomes, when in the tumor interstitium, of the highly diffusing 225Ac-DOTA that improves the uniformity of tumor irradiation by α-particles and (2) the adhesion of liposomes on the tumors' ECM that increases liposomes' time-integrated concentrations within tumors and, therefore, the tumor-delivered radioactivities. METHODS: On an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC murine model forming spontaneous metastases, we evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistributions, and control of tumor growth and/or spreading after administration of 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, with different combinations of the two transport-driven properties. RESULTS: At 83% of MTD, 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes with both properties (1) eliminated formation of spontaneous metastases and (2) best inhibited the progression of orthotopic xenografts, compared to liposomes lacking one or both properties. These findings were primarily affected by the extent of uniformity of the intratumoral microdistributions of 225Ac followed by the overall tumor uptake of radioactivity. At the MTD, long-term toxicities were not detected 9.5 months post administration. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the potential of a general, transport-driven strategy enabling more uniform and prolonged solid tumor irradiation by α-particles without cell-specific targeting.
PURPOSE: Highly cytotoxic α-particle radiotherapy delivered by tumor-selective nanocarriers is evaluated on metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). On vascularized tumors, the limited penetration of nanocarriers (<50-80 μm) combined with the short range of α-particles (40-100 μm) may, however, result in only partial tumor irradiation, compromising efficacy. Utilizing the α-particle emitter Actinium-225 (225Ac), we studied how the therapeutic potential of a general delivery strategy using nanometer-sized engineered liposomes was affected by two key transport-driven properties: (1) the release from liposomes, when in the tumor interstitium, of the highly diffusing 225Ac-DOTA that improves the uniformity of tumor irradiation by α-particles and (2) the adhesion of liposomes on the tumors' ECM that increases liposomes' time-integrated concentrations within tumors and, therefore, the tumor-delivered radioactivities. METHODS: On an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC murine model forming spontaneous metastases, we evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistributions, and control of tumor growth and/or spreading after administration of 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, with different combinations of the two transport-driven properties. RESULTS: At 83% of MTD, 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes with both properties (1) eliminated formation of spontaneous metastases and (2) best inhibited the progression of orthotopic xenografts, compared to liposomes lacking one or both properties. These findings were primarily affected by the extent of uniformity of the intratumoral microdistributions of 225Ac followed by the overall tumor uptake of radioactivity. At the MTD, long-term toxicities were not detected 9.5 months post administration. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the potential of a general, transport-driven strategy enabling more uniform and prolonged solid tumor irradiation by α-particles without cell-specific targeting.
Entities:
Keywords:
Alpha-particle therapy; Liposomes; Metastasis; Solid tumors; Triple negative breast cancer
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