Alice Matoba1. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to report 3 cases of corneal allograft rejection that occurred in temporal proximity to administration of the zoster subunit vaccine (RZV). METHODS: Three cases of corneal transplant rejection that developed after RZV administration were identified. Clinical history, including existence of other risk factors, timing of rejection, corticosteroid therapy at the time of onset of rejection, and course were reviewed. RESULTS: The onset of symptoms occurred 5 weeks after the first RZV dose in 1 patient and 1 and 6 weeks after the second dose in the other 2 patients. Coexisting risk factors included history of endothelial keratoplasty in the fellow eye in 1 patient and previous failure of a penetrating keratoplasty because of rejection in a second patient. The third patient had a history of 1 episode of rejection in a previous graft that resolved and then experienced graft failure over several years. In 2 patients, rejection developed despite relatively high levels of topical steroid therapy: prednisolone acetate 1%, 4 × per day in 1 patient and difluprednate 0.05%, 3 × per day in a second patient. CONCLUSIONS: RZV, which elicits a more robust immune reaction than the zoster live-attenuated vaccine, ZVL, may increase the risk of allograft rejection in immunocompetent patients with preexisting corneal endothelial or penetrating transplants. Based on the available data, it may be reasonable to increase the topical corticosteroid regimen before the first dose, until approximately 3 months after the second dose of ZVL.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to report 3 cases of corneal allograft rejection that occurred in temporal proximity to administration of the zoster subunit vaccine (RZV). METHODS: Three cases of corneal transplant rejection that developed after RZV administration were identified. Clinical history, including existence of other risk factors, timing of rejection, corticosteroid therapy at the time of onset of rejection, and course were reviewed. RESULTS: The onset of symptoms occurred 5 weeks after the first RZV dose in 1 patient and 1 and 6 weeks after the second dose in the other 2 patients. Coexisting risk factors included history of endothelial keratoplasty in the fellow eye in 1 patient and previous failure of a penetrating keratoplasty because of rejection in a second patient. The third patient had a history of 1 episode of rejection in a previous graft that resolved and then experienced graft failure over several years. In 2 patients, rejection developed despite relatively high levels of topical steroid therapy: prednisolone acetate 1%, 4 × per day in 1 patient and difluprednate 0.05%, 3 × per day in a second patient. CONCLUSIONS: RZV, which elicits a more robust immune reaction than the zoster live-attenuated vaccine, ZVL, may increase the risk of allograft rejection in immunocompetent patients with preexisting corneal endothelial or penetrating transplants. Based on the available data, it may be reasonable to increase the topical corticosteroid regimen before the first dose, until approximately 3 months after the second dose of ZVL.
Authors: Saad Alhumaid; Ali A Rabaan; Kuldeep Dhama; Shin Jie Yong; Firzan Nainu; Khalid Hajissa; Nourah Al Dossary; Khulood Khaled Alajmi; Afaf E Al Saggar; Fahad Abdullah AlHarbi; Mohammed Buhays Aswany; Abdullah Abdulaziz Alshayee; Saad Abdalaziz Alrabiah; Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh; Mohammed Ali Alqarni; Fahad Mohammed Al Gharib; Shahd Nabeel Qattan; Hassan M Almusabeh; Hussain Yousef AlGhatm; Sameer Ahmed Almoraihel; Ahmed Saeed Alzuwaid; Mohammed Ali Albaqshi; Murtadha Ahmed Al Khalaf; Yasmine Ahmed Albaqshi; Abdulsatar H Al Brahim; Mahdi Mana Al Mutared; Hassan Al-Helal; Header A Alghazal; Abbas Al Mutair Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Date: 2022-08-10