The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Bambusa vulgaris cv. Wamin.

Bambusa vulgaris cv. Wamin is an attractive ornamental bamboo species of southern China. It has large swollen internodes and weeping culms, and it has considerable economic importance. In the present study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin and reported it for the first time. The genome was 139,528 bp in total length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,038 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,893 bp, and a pair of invert repeats (IR) regions of 21,799 bp. Plastid genome contained 138 genes, 82 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome was 38.9%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete chloroplast genome reveals that B. vulgaris cv. Wamin is closely related to Bambusa teres. This research strengthens the genetic information of both the B. vulgaris cv. Wamin and the phylogenetic analyses of Gramineae.

Bambusa vulgaris cv. Wamin is a cultivated bamboo species (genus Leucaena; family Gramineae), a shrub or tree-like bamboo plant found in southern China and the provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Taiwan, where it has been introduced as an ornamental plant (http://www.iplant.cn/). It is very important to acquire B. vulgaris cv. Wamin genetic and genomic information and also to pursue the study of its phylogenetic significance and preservation. The chloroplast genome has a maternal history and a preserved structure that has been used to investigate plant developmental and phylogenetic relationships (Wang et al. 2018). Therefore, we identified the complete chloroplast genome of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was also presented of this species.

Fresh leaves tissues of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin were obtained from the Bamboo Garden of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China (119°14′6″E, 26°5′7″N). Collected samples were then immediately dried into the silica gel. The specimens were stored in the Herbarium of College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (specimen code #101306). DNA was isolated from fresh leaf tissues, while its quantification was confirmed using Agarose gel electrophoresis and Nanodrop concentration, by 500 bp randomly interrupted by the Covaris ultrasonic breaker for library construction. About 2.0 GB of raw data was produced by 150 bp paired-end read lengths. The Illumina High-throughput sequencing platform (HiSeq2500) data was processed by the NOVOPlasty script (Dierckxsens et al. 2017). The complete plastid genome of B. vulgaris (GeneBank accession: NC 050780) as comparison and plastid genome of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin was assembled by GetOrganelle pipe-line (https://github.com/Kinggerm/GetOrganelle), the plastid-like reads were obtained, and the readings were examined and modified by Bandage (Wick et al. 2015). The chloroplast genome database was compiled based on Geneious v 11.1.5 (Biomatters Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) reference (Kearse et al. 2012).

The final complete chloroplast genome sequence of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin was submitted to GenBank under accession number MW544010. Raw reads were deposited in the GenBank Sequence Read Archive (SRA PRJNA698784). The complete plastid genome sequence of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin was 139,528 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,038 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,893 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 21,799 bp. The complete chloroplast genome comprised 138 genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The complete genome GC content was 38.9%. To reveal the phylogenetic position of B. vulgaris cv. Wamin with other members of Bambusa, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on 15 complete chloroplast genomes of Bambusa, and one taxa (Dendrocalamus barbatus) as outgroups. All of them were downloaded from NCBI GenBank. The sequences were aligned by MAFFT v7.307 (Katoh and Standley 2013), and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by RAxML (Stamatakis 2014) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. The GTRGAMMA model was used in the ML analysis. Phylogenetic analysis findings clearly confirm the close association between B. vulgaris cv. Wamin and Bambusa teres (Figure 1).

Figure 1.

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on complete chloroplast genomes. Numbers close to each node are bootstrap support values.