New methods for rapid separation and detection of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins.

Ion exchange chromatography at high pH with pulsed amperometric detection of the eluted glycans permitted resolution of the eight major components in the mixture of asparagine-linked glycans derived from the single glycosylation site of ovalbumin. The individual glycans were first partially separated according to size, and were characterized by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and specific enzymatic degradation with beta-galactosidase and endoglycosidase H; subnanomolar quantities of all eight components could subsequently be unequivocally identified in the elution diagram. To ascertain that the chromatographic separation of the ovalbumin glycan mixture was not restricted to the asparagine-linked glycans, it was established that the corresponding mixture of reducing oligosaccharides (asparagine removed) or Asn-oligosaccharides blocked at the alpha-amino group with biotin gave very similar resolution of the eight glycans. In the absence of pure reference compounds, the quantification of the different glycans by the amperometric detection system was evaluated by comparing the electrochemical signal to the molecular ion peak intensity in the mass spectrometer. With one exception, the two methods were in good agreement, which suggests that the amperometric detection system yields a valid quantitative estimate for most of these chemically related compounds.