BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic currently prevails worldwide. To understand the immunological signature of SARS-CoV-2 infections and aid the search and evaluation of new treatment modalities and vaccines, comprehensive characterization of adaptive immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 is needed. METHODS: We included 203 recovered SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in Denmark between April 3rd and July 9th 2020, at least 14 days after COVID-19 symptom recovery. The participants had experienced a range of disease severities from asymptomatic to severe. We collected plasma, serum and PBMC's for analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response by Meso Scale analysis including other coronavirus strains, ACE2 competition, IgA ELISA, pseudovirus neutralization capacity, and dextramer flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ T cells. The immunological outcomes were compared amongst severity groups within the cohort, and 10 pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. FINDINGS: We report broad serological profiles within the cohort, detecting antibody binding to other human coronaviruses. 202(>99%) participants had SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and spike-ACE2 receptor interaction blocking observed in 193(95%) individuals. A significant positive correlation (r=0.7804) between spike-ACE2 blocking antibody titers and neutralization potency was observed. Further, SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T-cell responses were clear and quantifiable in 95 of 106(90%) HLA-A2+ individuals. INTERPRETATION: The viral surface spike protein was identified as the dominant target for both neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T-cell responses. Overall, the majority of patients had robust adaptive immune responses, regardless of their disease severity. FUNDING: This study was supported by the Danish Ministry for Research and Education (grant# 0238-00001B) and The Danish Innovation Fund (grant# 0208-00018B).
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic currently prevails worldwide. To understand the immunological signature of SARS-CoV-2 infections and aid the search and evaluation of new treatment modalities and vaccines, comprehensive characterization of adaptive immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 is needed. METHODS: We included 203 recovered SARS-CoV-2 infectedpatients in Denmark between April 3rd and July 9th 2020, at least 14 days after COVID-19 symptom recovery. The participants had experienced a range of disease severities from asymptomatic to severe. We collected plasma, serum and PBMC's for analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response by Meso Scale analysis including other coronavirus strains, ACE2 competition, IgA ELISA, pseudovirus neutralization capacity, and dextramer flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ T cells. The immunological outcomes were compared amongst severity groups within the cohort, and 10 pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 negative controls. FINDINGS: We report broad serological profiles within the cohort, detecting antibody binding to other human coronaviruses. 202(>99%) participants had SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and spike-ACE2 receptor interaction blocking observed in 193(95%) individuals. A significant positive correlation (r=0.7804) between spike-ACE2 blocking antibody titers and neutralization potency was observed. Further, SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T-cell responses were clear and quantifiable in 95 of 106(90%) HLA-A2+ individuals. INTERPRETATION: The viral surface spike protein was identified as the dominant target for both neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T-cell responses. Overall, the majority of patients had robust adaptive immune responses, regardless of their disease severity. FUNDING: This study was supported by the Danish Ministry for Research and Education (grant# 0238-00001B) and The Danish Innovation Fund (grant# 0208-00018B).
Authors: Michelle Møhlenberg; Ida Monrad; Line K Vibholm; Stine S F Nielsen; Giacomo Schmidt Frattari; Mariane Høgsbjerg Schleimann; Rikke Olesen; Mads Kjolby; Jesper Damsgaard Gunst; Ole Schmeltz Søgaard; Thomas R O'Brien; Martin Tolstrup; Rune Hartmann Journal: J Interferon Cytokine Res Date: 2021-11 Impact factor: 2.607
Authors: Charles F Schuler; Carmen Gherasim; Kelly O'Shea; David M Manthei; Jesse Chen; Cristyn Zettel; Jonathan P Troost; Andrew A Kennedy; Andrew W Tai; Donald A Giacherio; Riccardo Valdez; James L Baldwin; James R Baker Journal: Microbiol Spectr Date: 2021-09-01
Authors: Kristin G-I Mohn; Geir Bredholt; Fan Zhou; Anders Madsen; Therese B Onyango; Elisabeth B Fjelltveit; Sarah L Jalloh; Karl A Brokstad; Diego Cantoni; Martin Mayora-Neto; Nigel Temperton; Nina Langeland; Rebecca J Cox Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-02-22 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Ida Monrad; Signe Risgaard Sahlertz; Stine Sofie Frank Nielsen; Louise Ørnskov Pedersen; Mikkel Steen Petersen; Carl Mathias Kobel; Irene Harder Tarpgaard; Merete Storgaard; Klaus Leth Mortensen; Mariane H Schleimann; Martin Tolstrup; Line K Vibholm Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2021-06-04 Impact factor: 3.835
Authors: Anastasia A Minervina; Mikhail V Pogorelyy; Allison M Kirk; Jeremy Chase Crawford; E Kaitlynn Allen; Ching-Heng Chou; Robert C Mettelman; Kim J Allison; Chun-Yang Lin; David C Brice; Xun Zhu; Kasi Vegesana; Gang Wu; Sanchit Trivedi; Pratibha Kottapalli; Daniel Darnell; Suzanne McNeely; Scott R Olsen; Stacey Schultz-Cherry; Jeremie H Estepp; Maureen A McGargill; Joshua Wolf; Paul G Thomas Journal: medRxiv Date: 2022-01-26