Emma G Crenshaw1, Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes2,3, Chantel L Martin2,4, Penny Gordon-Larsen2,5, Mary N Haan6, Allison E Aiello2,4. 1. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 2. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 3. Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 5. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the association between cycles of poverty, measured by intergenerational educational attainment (IEA), and the burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction among Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 392 adults linked to 286 biologic parents from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study and the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. The educational attainment of parents and offspring was dichotomized in order to categorize IEA. Outcomes included obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Model-based standardization with population weights was used to compare obesity and MetS across generations, and Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by IEA. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of obesity and MetS was observed in offspring (54% and 69%, respectively) compared with their parents (48% and 42%, respectively). Compared with stable-low IEA, any category with high offspring education was associated with lower obesity and MetS prevalence. The upwardly mobile group saw the greatest benefit; they were 38% (95% CI: 10%-57%) and 46% (95% CI: 21%-63%) less likely to have obesity or MetS. CONCLUSIONS: IEA strongly patterns cardiometabolic health among Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the United States, suggesting that promotion of higher education is associated with reductions in obesity and MetS, potentially benefitting future generations of this population.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the association between cycles of poverty, measured by intergenerational educational attainment (IEA), and the burden of obesity and metabolic dysfunction among Hispanic/Latino individuals in the United States. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 392 adults linked to 286 biologic parents from the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study and the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. The educational attainment of parents and offspring was dichotomized in order to categorize IEA. Outcomes included obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Model-based standardization with population weights was used to compare obesity and MetS across generations, and Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios by IEA. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of obesity and MetS was observed in offspring (54% and 69%, respectively) compared with their parents (48% and 42%, respectively). Compared with stable-low IEA, any category with high offspring education was associated with lower obesity and MetS prevalence. The upwardly mobile group saw the greatest benefit; they were 38% (95% CI: 10%-57%) and 46% (95% CI: 21%-63%) less likely to have obesity or MetS. CONCLUSIONS: IEA strongly patterns cardiometabolic health among Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the United States, suggesting that promotion of higher education is associated with reductions in obesity and MetS, potentially benefitting future generations of this population.
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Authors: Ashkan Afshin; Mohammad H Forouzanfar; Marissa B Reitsma; Patrick Sur; Kara Estep; Alex Lee; Laurie Marczak; Ali H Mokdad; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mohsen Naghavi; Joseph S Salama; Theo Vos; Kalkidan H Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Muktar B Ahmed; Ziyad Al-Aly; Ala’a Alkerwi; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Azmeraw T Amare; Alemayehu Amberbir; Adeladza K Amegah; Erfan Amini; Stephen M Amrock; Ranjit M Anjana; Johan Ärnlöv; Hamid Asayesh; Amitava Banerjee; Aleksandra Barac; Estifanos Baye; Derrick A Bennett; Addisu S Beyene; Sibhatu Biadgilign; Stan Biryukov; Espen Bjertness; Dube J Boneya; Ismael Campos-Nonato; Juan J Carrero; Pedro Cecilio; Kelly Cercy; Liliana G Ciobanu; Leslie Cornaby; Solomon A Damtew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Samath D Dharmaratne; Bruce B Duncan; Babak Eshrati; Alireza Esteghamati; Valery L Feigin; João C Fernandes; Thomas Fürst; Tsegaye T Gebrehiwot; Audra Gold; Philimon N Gona; Atsushi Goto; Tesfa D Habtewold; Kokeb T Hadush; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Simon I Hay; Masako Horino; Farhad Islami; Ritul Kamal; Amir Kasaeian; Srinivasa V Katikireddi; Andre P Kengne; Chandrasekharan N Kesavachandran; Yousef S Khader; Young-Ho Khang; Jagdish Khubchandani; Daniel Kim; Yun J Kim; Yohannes Kinfu; Soewarta Kosen; Tiffany Ku; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G Anil Kumar; Heidi J Larson; Mall Leinsalu; Xiaofeng Liang; Stephen S Lim; Patrick Liu; Alan D Lopez; Rafael Lozano; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah C Malta; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; Stephen T McGarvey; Desalegn T Mengistu; George A Mensah; Gert B M Mensink; Haftay B Mezgebe; Erkin M Mirrakhimov; Ulrich O Mueller; Jean J Noubiap; Carla M Obermeyer; Felix A Ogbo; Mayowa O Owolabi; George C Patton; Farshad Pourmalek; Mostafa Qorbani; Anwar Rafay; Rajesh K Rai; Chhabi L Ranabhat; Nikolas Reinig; Saeid Safiri; Joshua A Salomon; Juan R Sanabria; Itamar S Santos; Benn Sartorius; Monika Sawhney; Josef Schmidhuber; Aletta E Schutte; Maria I Schmidt; Sadaf G Sepanlou; Moretza Shamsizadeh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shiri; Ivy Shiue; Hirbo S Roba; Diego A S Silva; Jonathan I Silverberg; Jasvinder A Singh; Saverio Stranges; Soumya Swaminathan; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Fentaw Tadese; Bemnet A Tedla; Balewgizie S Tegegne; Abdullah S Terkawi; J S Thakur; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Kingsley N Ukwaja; Olalekan A Uthman; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Tommi Vasankari; Vasiliy V Vlassov; Stein E Vollset; Elisabete Weiderpass; Andrea Werdecker; Joshua Wesana; Ronny Westerman; Yuichiro Yano; Naohiro Yonemoto; Gerald Yonga; Zoubida Zaidi; Zerihun M Zenebe; Ben Zipkin; Christopher J L Murray Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2017-06-12 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes; Julia B Ward; Chantel L Martin; Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri; Jacqueline Torres; Penny Gordon-Larsen; Mary N Haan; Allison E Aiello Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2021-07-22 Impact factor: 3.797