Javier Campos1,2, Mercedes Verdeguer2, Peter Baur3. 1. Global Innovation & Technology, Clariant, Industrial Park Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 2. Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. 3. CropPromotion Advice, Schondorf am Ammersee, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ever since the beginning of agriculture, yields have been threatened by weeds. Chemical weed control is far more effective and economical than other methods. The frequent use of herbicides has led to environmental and human health concerns, resulting in the banning of several herbicides and challenges for the future of important active compounds such as glyphosate. RESULTS: The herbicidal activity of sustainable alternatives based on certain esters of fatty acids (FA), the action of which is unrelated to the free acid, on common weeds is assessed and reported. The 13 derivatives of FA showed better physicochemical properties than pelargonic acid-based herbicides. All the reported compounds have phytotoxic activity, the highest efficacy being displayed by the methyl end-capped polyethylene glycol (mPEG) ester of pelargonic acid having 6EO (ethylene oxide). This mPEG ester showed equal or better phytotoxicity than the pelargonic acid benchmark at reduced application rate and spray volume. The active compound is a liquid at ambient temperatures, has no bad smell and is not volatile, in contrast to pelargonic acid. Notably, this active compound can be the final product, can be sprayed without adjuvants and is relatively easy to co-formulate. CONCLUSION: A new lead substance is presented that is a sustainable alternative to current contact herbicides. In particular, it has potential application on railways, in precision agriculture and as a harvest aid. Its good performance and technical properties suggest this mPEG ester group may also overcome the volatility-related problems of other organic acids such as auxins.
BACKGROUND: Ever since the beginning of agriculture, yields have been threatened by weeds. Chemical weed control is far more effective and economical than other methods. The frequent use of herbicides has led to environmental and human health concerns, resulting in the banning of several herbicides and challenges for the future of important active compounds such as glyphosate. RESULTS: The herbicidal activity of sustainable alternatives based on certain esters of fatty acids (FA), the action of which is unrelated to the free acid, on common weeds is assessed and reported. The 13 derivatives of FA showed better physicochemical properties than pelargonic acid-based herbicides. All the reported compounds have phytotoxic activity, the highest efficacy being displayed by the methyl end-capped polyethylene glycol (mPEG) ester of pelargonic acid having 6EO (ethylene oxide). This mPEG ester showed equal or better phytotoxicity than the pelargonic acid benchmark at reduced application rate and spray volume. The active compound is a liquid at ambient temperatures, has no bad smell and is not volatile, in contrast to pelargonic acid. Notably, this active compound can be the final product, can be sprayed without adjuvants and is relatively easy to co-formulate. CONCLUSION: A new lead substance is presented that is a sustainable alternative to current contact herbicides. In particular, it has potential application on railways, in precision agriculture and as a harvest aid. Its good performance and technical properties suggest this mPEG ester group may also overcome the volatility-related problems of other organic acids such as auxins.