SI nociceptive neurons participate in the encoding process by which monkeys perceive the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation.

The activity of primary somatosensory (SI) cortical nociceptive neurons was recorded while the monkeys performed a psychophysical task in which they detected small increases in skin temperature superimposed on noxious levels of thermal stimulation. The detection latency to these stimuli, expressed as detection speed, was used as a measure of the perceived intensity of sensation. Two-thirds of the neurons that responded to noxious thermal stimulation increased their discharge in response to graded increases in stimulus intensity. The remaining neurons responded to noxious thermal stimulation, but did not grade their response with the intensity of the stimulus. The response of SI nociceptive neurons that encode the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation was significantly correlated with the monkey's detection speed. We conclude that SI nociceptive neurons are involved in the encoding process by which monkeys perceive the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation.